Latest filing: North American Derivatives Exchange, the entity associated with Crypto.com/OG event contracts, reportedly filed a certiorari petition asking the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Ninth Circuit’s Nevada sports-event-contract ruling. The Court has not granted review, and no Supreme Court docket number had been confirmed when checked.
Tracking Every Prediction Market Lawsuit Involving Kalshi, Polymarket & Others
Prediction Market Litigation Tracker
The prediction-market fight is now at the U.S. Supreme Court. New Jersey filed a certiorari petition on September 2 after the Third and Ninth Circuits split over whether federal commodities law preempts state regulation of sports-event contracts. Robinhood filed a separate petition on September 9, and North American Derivatives Exchange reportedly filed another petition on September 11 asking the Court to review the Ninth Circuit’s Nevada ruling.
None of the three petitions has been granted. If the Court accepts any of the cases, it could decide how federal commodities regulation and state gambling law apply to sports-event contracts.
This docket-led tracker covers 132 verified U.S. prediction-market legal matters and is refreshed twice daily against federal and state court dockets. Use this form to report any omissions or errors.
Unique lawsuits120
Administrative / enforcement matters12
Unique appellate dockets30
States involved27
Verified matters132
Counting method: separately filed lawsuits remain separate even when coordinated or consolidated. Appeals are linked to their originating cases. Amicus briefs, intervention filings and platform relationship views do not create additional lawsuits.
Federal
States, district and tribes
Tribal nations
Platforms
Prediction Market Lawsuits, Court Cases and Legal Actions
132 verified lawsuits, court cases and regulatory actions, ordered by most recent activity. Select a party or relationship type above to filter.
- Matter ID
- EXP-002
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Latest verified activity
- September 11, 2026 — Daniel Wallach reported that North American Derivatives Exchange filed a petition for a writ of certiorari asking the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Ninth Circuit’s Nevada sports-event-contract ruling. The Supreme Court has not granted review, and no public Supreme Court docket number had been confirmed when checked.
- Docket / index
- D. Nev. No. 2:25-cv-00978
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc.
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Nevada et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 25-7187
- Platforms / relationships
- Crypto.com / NADEX
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-058
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection
- Jurisdiction
- Connecticut
- Filed
- September 10, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 10, 2026 — Connecticut DCP announced nine cease-and-desist orders directing Polymarket, Coinbase, Crypto.com, Robinhood, ProphetX, Novig, Webull, Gemini and Underdog Predict to stop making sports event contracts available to Connecticut residents. DCP also announced 29 investigative subpoenas. The agency said subpoena recipients are not themselves under investigation.
- Docket / index
- No public order numbers or court caption identified; the operative orders and subpoenas are available only by records request.
- Issuing authority
- Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection
- Order recipient / respondent
- Polymarket, Coinbase, Crypto.com, Robinhood, ProphetX, Novig, Webull, Gemini and Underdog Predict; recipient legal-entity names remain unverified without the orders.
- Case category
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket; Coinbase; Crypto.com; Robinhood; ProphetX; Novig; Webull; Gemini; Underdog Predict
- Verification
- Official government announcement verified. Source incomplete: operative orders, subpoenas and recipient legal-entity names remain pending document production.
Supporting source: official Connecticut announcement. The announcement is not a substitute for the operative orders.
- Matter ID
- EXP-067
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division
- Jurisdiction
- Virginia
- Filed
- September 10, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- Moran alleges Kalshi improperly disciplined him for trading on his own candidacy. The complaint seeks damages and declaratory and injunctive relief; no merits ruling has been entered.
- Docket / index
- E.D. Va. No. 1:26-cv-03008, Doc. 1
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Mark Robert Moran
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC; Kalshi Inc.
- Case category
- Federal civil action
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Filed-stamped complaint verified September 12, 2026
Sources: filed complaint; source post.
- Matter ID
- EXP-001
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (from D. Nev.)
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Latest verified activity
- September 9, 2026 — Kalshi petitioned for rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Ninth Circuit’s August 28 preliminary-injunction decision. The petition remains pending; rehearing has not been granted and the panel opinion has not been vacated.
- Docket / index
- D. Nev. No. 2:25-cv-00575; Ninth Cir. No. 25-7516, ECF No. 206.1
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- George Assad et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 25-7516
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Ninth Circuit opinion, September 9 rehearing petition and appellate docket verified
Sources: September 9 rehearing-petition excerpt reproduced in Mick Bransfield’s post; official Ninth Circuit docket; official Ninth Circuit opinion; district-court docket
- Matter ID
- EXP-062
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- Jurisdiction
- Massachusetts
- Filed
- September 8, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
- Docket / index
- D. Mass. No. 1:26-cv-14098
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc.; UDM, LLC d/b/a Underdog Predict
- Defendant / respondent
- Campbell et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Underdog Predict
- Verification
- Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026; filed complaint text directly reviewed
Sources: filed complaint; RECAP docket; official federal docket.
- Matter ID
- EXP-063
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of New Mexico
- Jurisdiction
- New Mexico
- Filed
- September 8, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
- Docket / index
- D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-02935-JFR-JMR
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc.; UDM, LLC d/b/a Underdog Predict
- Defendant / respondent
- Torrez et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Underdog Predict
- Verification
- Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026; filed complaint text directly reviewed
Sources: filed complaint; RECAP docket; official federal docket.
- Matter ID
- EXP-064
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio
- Jurisdiction
- Ohio
- Filed
- September 8, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
- Docket / index
- N.D. Ohio No. 1:26-cv-02169
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc.; UDM, LLC d/b/a Underdog Predict
- Defendant / respondent
- Wilson et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Underdog Predict
- Verification
- Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026
Sources: official complaint entry; RECAP complaint entry; RECAP docket; official federal docket.
- Matter ID
- EXP-065
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington
- Jurisdiction
- Washington
- Filed
- September 8, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wash. No. 2:26-cv-03200
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc.; UDM, LLC d/b/a Underdog Predict
- Defendant / respondent
- Brown et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Underdog Predict
- Verification
- Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026
Sources: official complaint entry; RECAP complaint entry; RECAP docket; official federal docket.
- Matter ID
- EXP-066
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
- Jurisdiction
- Wisconsin
- Filed
- September 8, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wis. No. 3:26-cv-00858
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc.; UDM, LLC d/b/a Underdog Predict
- Defendant / respondent
- Kaul et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Underdog Predict
- Verification
- Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026
Sources: official complaint entry; RECAP complaint entry; RECAP docket; official federal docket.
- Matter ID
- CUR-046
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Arizona
- Jurisdiction
- Arizona
- Filed
- April 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 4, 2026 — Arizona asked the Ninth Circuit to summarily vacate the May 5 preliminary injunction as to sports-event contracts and remand election-contract issues for further proceedings, citing KalshiEX v. Assad. The court has not ruled on that request.
- Docket / index
- D. Ariz. Nos. 2:26-cv-02246 and 2:26-cv-01715-MTL; Ninth Cir. No. 26-4281, ECF No. 20.1
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Arizona; Katie Hobbs; Arizona Department of Gaming; Kris Mayes; Jackie Johnson; Douglas Jensen
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 26-4281
- Verification
- May 5 preliminary-injunction order, September 4 summary-disposition request and appellate docket verified
Sources: September 4 summary-disposition request reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post; official Ninth Circuit docket; district-court docket
- Matter ID
- EXP-061
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Private event-contract resolution and account-funds dispute
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- August 31, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 31, 2026 — Nicolas Pernas alleged that Kalshi improperly resolved the KXWLEADER-25-JT “Who will Trump meet with in 2025?” Justin Trudeau contract in the negative, canceled resting orders and restricted his ability to withdraw approximately $25,000 in liquid cash. The complaint asserts contract, Commodity Exchange Act, misrepresentation, fraud and New York consumer-protection claims; these are allegations, not findings. Judge Margaret M. Garnett denied the plaintiff’s same-day temporary-restraining-order request, and the underlying case remains pending.
- Docket / index
- S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-07419
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Nicolas Pernas
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC; Kalshi Inc.; Kalshi Klear LLC; Rothera Exchange and Clearing LLC f/k/a LedgerX LLC; LedgerX LLC, to the extent separately relevant; and John/Jane Doe Entities 1–10
- Case category
- Private event-contract resolution and account-funds dispute
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Complaint, docket and August 31 TRO order verified September 2, 2026
Sources: filed complaint; August 31 TRO order; federal docket.
- Matter ID
- EXP-003
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Latest verified activity
- September 9, 2026 — Robinhood Derivatives filed a petition for a writ of certiorari seeking Supreme Court review of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling concerning Nevada regulation of sports-event contracts. The Supreme Court has not agreed to hear the case, and its public docket had not yet assigned a case number when checked September 10.
- Docket / index
- D. Nev. No. 2:25-cv-01541
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Robinhood Derivatives, LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Dreitzer et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 25-7831
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Certiorari filing reported September 9, 2026; Ninth Circuit docket and Supreme Court public docket checked September 10, 2026. No Supreme Court docket number or grant of review was confirmed.
Sources: certiorari filing reported by Daniel Wallach; official Ninth Circuit docket; underlying district docket; Supreme Court public docket search.
- Matter ID
- EXP-004
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Court / agency
- First Judicial District Court of Nevada
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Nev. 1st Jud. Dist. No. 26 OC 00030 1B
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Nevada Gaming Control Board
- Defendant / respondent
- Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
- Case category
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Platforms / relationships
- Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-005
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D. Nev. No. 2:26-cv-00256
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
- Defendant / respondent
- Ford et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-006
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer/class action
- Court / agency
- Eighth Judicial District Court of Nevada
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Clark Cnty. Dist. Ct. No. A-26-944755-C
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Warga
- Defendant / respondent
- Winklevoss et al.
- Case category
- Consumer/class action
- Platforms / relationships
- Gemini
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-007
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey
- Jurisdiction
- New Jersey
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D.N.J. No. 1:25-cv-14723
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Robinhood Derivatives, LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Flaherty et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-008
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland
- Jurisdiction
- Maryland
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D. Md. No. 1:25-cv-01285
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc.
- Defendant / respondent
- Martin et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Crypto.com / NADEX
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-009
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state taxation/regulation
- Court / agency
- Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
- Jurisdiction
- Ohio
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Franklin C.P. No. 26 CV 006013
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Morrison et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state taxation/regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-010
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- Jurisdiction
- Massachusetts
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D. Mass. No. 1:25-cv-12578
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Robinhood Derivatives, LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Campbell et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- First Circuit No. 26-1257
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-011
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- Jurisdiction
- Massachusetts
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D. Mass. No. 1:26-cv-13615
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Ludlow Exchange LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Campbell et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Novig
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-012
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
- Jurisdiction
- Michigan
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- E.D. Mich. No. 4:25-cv-14092
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
- Defendant / respondent
- Nessel et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Sixth Circuit No. 26-1693
- Platforms / relationships
- Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-013
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan
- Jurisdiction
- Michigan
- Latest verified activity
- September 4, 2026 — Judge Paul L. Maloney entered the parties’ stipulation requiring Robinhood to cease offering new sports-related event contracts to Michigan customers by September 9 and close remaining Michigan customer positions by October 9. Michigan officials agreed to forbear from sports-event-contract enforcement against Robinhood while it complies. The arrangement remains in place pending final resolution of the specified Sixth Circuit appeals, including any Supreme Court proceedings, or dissolution of the state-court injunction in Nessel v. KalshiEX LLC. The stipulation is without prejudice and does not decide the merits.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Mich. No. 1:26-cv-00730
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Robinhood Derivatives, LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Nessel et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Sixth Circuit No. 26-1542
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Signed September 4 stipulation and order verified from the document reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post.
Sources: signed September 4 stipulation and order, page 1; page 2; federal docket.
- Matter ID
- EXP-014
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut
- Jurisdiction
- Connecticut
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D. Conn. No. 3:25-cv-02121
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
- Defendant / respondent
- Tong et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Second Circuit No. 26-2297
- Platforms / relationships
- Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-015
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-06676
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Ludlow Exchange LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- James et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Novig
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-016
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- N.D. Ill. No. 1:25-cv-15406
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
- Defendant / respondent
- Raoul et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-017
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — text messages
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington
- Jurisdiction
- Washington
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wash. No. 2:26-cv-01426
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Brown
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — text messages
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-018
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington
- Jurisdiction
- Washington
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wash. No. 3:26-cv-05888
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Ludlow Exchange LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Brown et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Novig
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-019
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Montana
- Jurisdiction
- Montana
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D. Mont. No. 6:26-cv-00028
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Knudsen et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-020
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Wisconsin Circuit Court / U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
- Jurisdiction
- Wisconsin
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Dane Cnty. No. 2026CV001285; W.D. Wis. No. 3:26-cv-00375
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- State of Wisconsin
- Defendant / respondent
- Blockratize, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-021
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Wisconsin Circuit Court / U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
- Jurisdiction
- Wisconsin
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Dane Cnty. No. 2026CV001286; W.D. Wis. No. 3:26-cv-00381
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- State of Wisconsin
- Defendant / respondent
- Foris Dax Markets, Inc.
- Case category
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Platforms / relationships
- Crypto.com
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-022
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
- Jurisdiction
- Wisconsin
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wis. No. 3:26-cv-00761
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Ludlow Exchange LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kaul et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Novig
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-023
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of New Mexico
- Jurisdiction
- New Mexico
- Latest verified activity
- — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-02576
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Ludlow Exchange LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Torrez et al.
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state gambling regulation
- Platforms / relationships
- Novig
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-010
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court (Washington)
- Jurisdiction
- Washington
- Filed
- 2026-07-22
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-26: Case reassigned to U.S. District Judge John C. Coughenour. The parties filed a stipulation and proposed order concerning enforcement on August 18, but the docket through August 26 does not show an entered stay order.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wash. 2:26-cv-02579
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- North American Derivatives Exchange (Nadex)
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Washington
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Crypto.com/Nadex
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-040
- Relationship
- Tribal claim
- Matter type
- Tribal lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico
- Jurisdiction
- New Mexico
- Filed
- 2026-05-12
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-26: The court set a consolidated hearing for September 23, 2026 on defendants' motion to dismiss and plaintiffs' preliminary-injunction motion.
- Docket / index
- D.N.M. 2:26-cv-01517
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Mescalero Apache Tribe; Pueblo of Pojoaque; Pueblo of Sandia; Pueblo of Isleta
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Tribal litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- MISS-004
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- CFTC civil enforcement lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- May 27, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- No disposition identified through August 26, 2026
- Docket / index
- S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-04419
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- Michele Spagnuolo
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket (contracts at issue)
- Verification
- Official complaint verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-048
- Relationship
- Federal action; State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Massachusetts state court; parallel federal action D. Mass. | Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
- Jurisdiction
- Massachusetts
- Filed
- 2025-09-12 state action; 2025-09-16 federal removal
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-24 — a related federal court stayed Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell pending the SJC's decision in SJC-13906, confirming that the Kalshi appeal remained pending without an SJC merits decision.
- Docket / index
- Suffolk Superior Court No. 2584CV02525; D. Mass. No. 1:25-cv-12595; Appeals Court No. 2026-P-244; SJC No. SJC-13906
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Commonwealth of Massachusetts, by Attorney General Andrea Joy Campbell
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC | Commonwealth of Massachusetts; KalshiEx LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Massachusetts Appeals Court No. 2026-P-244; SJC No. SJC-13906
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-015
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota
- Jurisdiction
- Minnesota
- Filed
- May 19, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-18: Notice and Order for Pretrial Conference entered as ECF No. 87; Rule 16 conference set for 2026-10-13. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
- Docket / index
- D. Minn. 0:26-cv-02661-KMM-DTS
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Minnesota; Tim Walz; Keith Ellison; Minnesota Department of Public Safety; Jon Anglin
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-016
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota
- Jurisdiction
- Minnesota
- Filed
- May 27, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-18: Order/Notice of Hearing/Deadlines entered as ECF No. 62 for the Rule 16 pretrial conference. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
- Docket / index
- D. Minn. 0:26-cv-02778-KMM-DTS
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Minnesota Attorney General, et al.
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-017
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota
- Jurisdiction
- Minnesota
- Filed
- June 3, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-18: Order/Notice of Hearing/Deadlines entered as ECF No. 59 for the Rule 16 pretrial conference. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
- Docket / index
- D. Minn. 0:26-cv-02841-KMM-DTS
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- QCX LLC, doing business as Polymarket US
- Defendant / respondent
- Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Minnesota Attorney General, et al.
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- EXP-054
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Connecticut Superior Court / U.S. District Court for the District of Connecticut
- Jurisdiction
- Connecticut
- Filed
- August 18, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 31, 2026 — the removed federal action was reassigned from Judge Sarala V. Nagala to Judge Vernon D. Oliver for all further proceedings. The reassignment order did not decide the pending remand issue.
- Docket / index
- Conn. Super. Ct. No. HHD-CV26-6218594-S; D. Conn. No. 3:26-cv-01382
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- State of Connecticut
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC et al.
- Case category
- State enforcement lawsuit
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Federal docket and reassignment order verified August 31, 2026
- Matter ID
- CUR-035
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Administrative — Illinois Gaming Board
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Filed
- 2025-04-01 cease-and-desist letters; 2026-04-02 CFTC/United States complaint; 2026-06-23 Kalshi complaint
- Latest verified activity
- September 8, 2026 — Illinois defendants moved for leave to cite the Iowa federal decision denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction as supplemental authority. They argued that the Iowa court’s treatment of sports-event contracts and Commodity Exchange Act preemption bears on the pending Illinois injunction motions. The filing did not decide those motions.
- Docket / index
- No agency docket identified for the letters; related N.D. Ill. Nos. 1:26-cv-03659 and 1:26-cv-07363
- Issuing authority
- Illinois Gaming Board
- Order recipient / respondent
- Multiple platforms, including KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Official docket and filed Document 54 image verified September 9, 2026
Sources: filed Document 54; federal docket; related federal complaint.
- Matter ID
- CUR-036
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Filed
- 2026-06-23
- Latest verified activity
- August 28, 2026 — Illinois defendants moved for leave to cite the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516, as supplemental authority. They argued that the opinion may help resolve the pending preliminary-injunction motions because it held that sports event contracts likely are not swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act. The motions remain pending.
- Docket / index
- N.D. Ill. 1:26-cv-07363
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Illinois; Illinois Gaming Board
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- MISS-001
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Municipal consumer-protection lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Circuit Court for Baltimore City
- Jurisdiction
- Maryland
- Filed
- August 13, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 13, 2026
- Docket / index
- C-24-CV-26-005532
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC; Kalshi Inc.; Robinhood Markets, Inc.; Robinhood Derivatives LLC; Webull Corporation; Webull Financial LLC; Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
- Case category
- Municipal consumer-protection lawsuit
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi; Robinhood; Webull; Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary complaint verified
- Matter ID
- MISS-002
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Municipal consumer-protection lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Circuit Court for Baltimore City
- Jurisdiction
- Maryland
- Filed
- August 13, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 2026
- Docket / index
- C-24-CV-26-005535
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson
- Defendant / respondent
- QCX LLC; Blockratize Inc.; QC Tech LLC
- Case category
- Municipal consumer-protection lawsuit
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary complaint verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-002
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Administrative — CFTC
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- August 11, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-11: CFTC directed Kalshi to continue performing its DCM functions under CEA §8a(9).
- Docket / index
- CFTC market-emergency declaration order (no docket number stated)
- Issuing authority
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Order recipient / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- EXP-055
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Trademark / prediction-market product dispute
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- August 10, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 11, 2026 — FlightAware voluntarily dismissed the action without prejudice.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-06824
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- FlightAware LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Trademark / prediction-market product dispute
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-008
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- New York state court
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- April 21, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-10 — the federal court rescheduled the initial conference to August 31; the remand motion remained pending.
- Docket / index
- N.Y. Supreme Court, New York County Index No. 451604/2026; removed as S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-03300
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- People of the State of New York, by Attorney General Letitia James
- Defendant / respondent
- Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-029
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Franklin Circuit Court, Kentucky
- Jurisdiction
- Kentucky
- Filed
- June 12, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-10 — the federal court accepted Coalition for Fair Markets' complaint in intervention in No. 3:26-cv-00049; a joint scheduling motion followed on August 20.
- Docket / index
- Franklin Circuit Court No. 26-CI-00667; related federal proceeding USA v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, E.D. Ky. No. 3:26-cv-00049
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Coalition for Fair Markets
- Defendant / respondent
- Kentucky Department of Revenue et al.
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi; Crypto.com/Nadex; Polymarket (coalition relationships)
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-033
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Wisconsin Circuit Court; removed to W.D. Wisconsin
- Jurisdiction
- Wisconsin
- Filed
- 2026-04-23 state filing; 2026-04-24 removal
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-07 — reply brief and supporting declaration were filed in the preliminary-injunction proceedings; no merits ruling was shown through August 26.
- Docket / index
- Dane County Circuit Court No. 2026CV001284 (also styled 26-CV-1284); removed as W.D. Wis. No. 3:26-cv-00378
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- State of Wisconsin, by Attorney General Joshua L. Kaul
- Defendant / respondent
- Coinbase Global, Inc.; Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.; Kalshi, Inc.; KalshiEX LLC; Kalshi Klear, Inc.; Kalshi Klear, LLC; Kalshi Trading, LLC; Robinhood Derivatives, LLC; Robinhood Securities, LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi, Robinhood, Coinbase
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-056
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of Iowa
- Jurisdiction
- Iowa
- Filed
- 2026-03-11
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-07: Judge Stephen H. Locher held the preliminary-injunction hearing. The docket contains a later August 14 notice, but no ruling on preliminary relief appears through August 26.
- Docket / index
- S.D. Iowa 4:26-cv-00109
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Brenna Bird; Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission officials
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-003
- Relationship
- State or municipal action; Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Utah
- Jurisdiction
- Utah
- Filed
- February 24, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 5, 2026
- Docket / index
- D. Utah No. 2:26-cv-00151, KalshiEX LLC v. Cox
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Governor Spencer Cox and Utah state officials
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Tenth Circuit No. 26-4100
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-037
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Western District of Michigan; on appeal to the Sixth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Michigan
- Filed
- 2026-03-04; appeal docketed 2026-06-25
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-08-05: The district court stayed its proceedings pending appeal and adjourned the Rule 16 conference. The Sixth Circuit had denied expedited/consolidated treatment on July 2 and ordered the appeal to proceed in the normal course.
- Docket / index
- W.D. Mich. 1:26-cv-00710; 6th Cir. 26-1552
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- QCX, LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Attorney General Dana Nessel
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Sixth Circuit No. 26-1552
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-038
- Relationship
- State or municipal action; Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island | Rhode Island state court
- Jurisdiction
- Rhode Island
- Filed
- 2026-05-21; removed 2026-05-22
- Latest verified activity
- August 28, 2026 — Rhode Island defendants filed a notice citing the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516, as supplemental authority in the consolidated cases. The preliminary-injunction motions, argued August 3, remain under advisement.
- Docket / index
- R.I. Super. Ct. PC-2026-02753; removed to D.R.I. 1:26-cv-00333 and consolidated with lead case 1:26-cv-00327
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- QCX, LLC | State of Rhode Island, by Attorney General Peter F. Neronha
- Defendant / respondent
- Rhode Island Attorney General | KalshiEX LLC; QCX, LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket, Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-007
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- New York Supreme Court, New York County — removal to S.D.N.Y. contested
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- July 31, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 2026
- Docket / index
- N.Y. Cnty. Sup. Ct. No. 453272/2026
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Attorney General Letitia James
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-009
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Administrative — Dept. of Consumer Protection, Gaming Division
- Jurisdiction
- Connecticut
- Filed
- 2026 (first quarter)
- Latest verified activity
- August 2026
- Docket / index
- D. Conn. No. 3:25-cv-02016 (Kalshi v. Cafferelli)
- Issuing authority
- Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection
- Order recipient / respondent
- Multiple platforms, including KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-005
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- April 24, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- September 4, 2026 — The federal plaintiffs and North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. filed a supplemental response concerning the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad. They argue that the Ninth Circuit improperly applied the major-questions doctrine to the Commodity Exchange Act’s “swap” definition and that treating sports-event contracts as swaps reflects a central Dodd-Frank reform rather than an implied expansion of agency authority. These are the filers’ litigation positions, not court findings. The preliminary-injunction motion remains pending, with oral argument scheduled for September 14.
- Docket / index
- S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-03404-LGS, ECF No. 157
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- State of New York; Kathleen Hochul; Letitia James; New York State Gaming Commission; Robert Williams; Brian O’Dwyer; John A. Crotty; Sylvia B. Hamer; Martin J. Mack; Peter J. Moschetti Jr.; Marissa Shorenstein; Jerry Skurnik
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Verification
- Federal docket, September 4 supplemental response, Ninth Circuit opinion and September 14 hearing verified
Sources: September 4 supplemental-response filing and summary; federal docket, including the supplemental response and September 14 hearing schedule; official Ninth Circuit opinion.
- Matter ID
- MISS-005
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- CFTC administrative enforcement
- Court / agency
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Filed
- July 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 31, 2026
- Docket / index
- CFTC Docket No. 26-05
- Issuing authority
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Order recipient / respondent
- George Anthony Devolder Santos
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Official CFTC order verified
- Matter ID
- EXP-058
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Private civil action involving prediction-market operator
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Filed
- July 31, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 31, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois No. 1:26-cv-09178
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Azar Barrionuevo
- Defendant / respondent
- Adventure One QSS, Inc.
- Case category
- Private civil action involving prediction-market operator
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-011
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Ohio Casino Control Commission; U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio; U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Ohio
- Filed
- 2025-03 (cease-and-desist); 2026-04-14 (penalty)
- Latest verified activity
- August 31, 2026 — Ohio appellees filed a Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 28(j) letter in the consolidated Sixth Circuit appeals identifying the Ninth Circuit’s August 25 decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad as supplemental authority. The letter presents Ohio’s argument that Assad supports affirmance; it did not decide the appeal.
- Docket / index
- S.D. Ohio No. 2:25-cv-01165, KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler et al.; consolidated Sixth Circuit Nos. 26-3196 and 26-5235
- Issuing authority
- Ohio Casino Control Commission
- Order recipient / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Sixth Circuit Rule 28(j) filing and underlying district docket verified August 31, 2026
Sources: Sixth Circuit Rule 28(j) filing reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post; underlying district docket.
- Matter ID
- CUR-012
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Administrative — Tennessee Sports Wagering Council
- Jurisdiction
- Tennessee
- Filed
- January 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 30, 2026
- Docket / index
- M.D. Tenn. No. 3:26-cv-00034, KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel et al.
- Issuing authority
- Tennessee Sports Wagering Council
- Order recipient / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-013
- Relationship
- Federal action; Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (from S.D. Ohio) | U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Ohio
- Filed
- October 7, 2025 | May 12, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 30, 2026 | May 12, 2026
- Docket / index
- S.D. Ohio No. 2:25-cv-01165, KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler et al.; 6th Cir. No. 26-3196; 6th Cir. No. 26-3196
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Matthew T. Schuler et al. | KalshiEx LLC; Matthew T. Schuler et al.
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Sixth Circuit No. 26-3196
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-014
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Middle District of Tennessee; on appeal to the Sixth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Tennessee
- Filed
- January 9, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 30, 2026
- Docket / index
- M.D. Tenn. No. 3:26-cv-00034; 6th Cir. No. 26-5235
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Orgel et al.
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Sixth Circuit No. 26-5235
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-022
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Filed
- April 2, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-07-29: Supplemental-authority filing followed full briefing on Illinois’s motion to stay and the federal plaintiffs’ preliminary-injunction motion; both remained pending through August 26.
- Docket / index
- N.D. Ill. 1:26-cv-03659
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Illinois; JB Pritzker; Kwame Raoul; Dionne R. Hayden; Sean Brannon; Stephen R. Ferrara; Caleb J. Melamed; Marcus D. Fruchter
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-006
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Michigan state court (remanded from federal court)
- Jurisdiction
- Michigan
- Filed
- 2026-03-05 federal removal; 2026-06-29 state TRO
- Latest verified activity
- September 1, 2026 — Ingham County Circuit Judge Rosemarie E. Aquilina entered a preliminary injunction restricting Kalshi from offering or facilitating products constituting internet sports betting to people located in Michigan. The order requires Kalshi to use a Michigan-licensed third-party geolocation provider, requires notice to relevant futures commission merchants within three business days and provides for a $500,000-per-day fine for each day the court finds that Kalshi failed to comply with its geolocation requirements. The order remains effective until a final order is issued. Sixth Circuit No. 26-1639, arising from Kalshi's appeal of the June 25 remand order, remains separately docketed.
- Docket / index
- Ingham County Circuit Court No. 26-1087-CZ; W.D. Mich. No. 1:26-cv-00731; Sixth Circuit No. 26-1639
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Dana Nessel, Michigan Attorney General, on behalf of the People of Michigan and the Michigan Gaming Control Board
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Sixth Circuit No. 26-1639
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Official preliminary-injunction order verified September 1, 2026
- Matter ID
- CUR-001
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- King County Superior Court, Washington; removed action in W.D. Washington
- Jurisdiction
- Washington
- Filed
- 2026-03-27 federal removal; 2026-05-14 appeal opened
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-07-16 — Ninth Circuit stayed briefing pending mandates in Nos. 25-7187, 25-7516, and 25-7831.
- Docket / index
- King County Superior Court case; removed as 2:26-cv-01062-JCC; Ninth Circuit No. 26-3106
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- State of Washington
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 26-3106
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-023
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Administrative — CFTC
- Jurisdiction
- Michigan
- Filed
- 2026-07-14
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-07-14: CFTC stayed Kalshi’s emergency rule and directed it to fulfill open trades involving Michigan residents.
- Docket / index
- CFTC emergency-rule order (no docket number stated)
- Issuing authority
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Order recipient / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- CUR-018
- Relationship
- Tribal claim
- Matter type
- Tribal lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Northern District of California; on appeal to the Ninth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Filed
- July 22, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- July 10, 2026
- Docket / index
- N.D. Cal. No. 3:25-cv-06162
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Blue Lake Rancheria; Chicken Ranch Rancheria of Me-Wuk Indians of California; Picayune Rancheria of the Chukchansi Indians
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC; Robinhood Derivatives, LLC
- Case category
- Tribal litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 25-7504
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi, Robinhood
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-019
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York; on appeal to the Second Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- October 27, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- By September 10, 2026 — The CFTC filed an amicus brief supporting Kalshi’s position in Second Circuit No. 26-1835. The Commission argues that it has regulated event contracts for decades, that extending the same jurisdiction to sports contracts is not a newly discovered power, and that the Ninth Circuit’s major-questions analysis was mistaken. These are the Commission’s arguments; the Second Circuit has not ruled.
- Docket / index
- S.D.N.Y. No. 1:25-cv-08846 (Kalshi v. Williams); 2d Cir. No. 26-1835
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- New York State Gaming Commission and state officials
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Second Circuit No. 26-1835
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- CFTC amicus excerpt reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s September 10 post; official Second Circuit docket linked but PACER-gated. The docket-entry filing date was not independently confirmed.
Sources: CFTC amicus excerpt reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post; reproduced brief excerpt; official Second Circuit docket; underlying district docket.
- Matter ID
- EXP-044
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Privacy / tracking-technologies class action
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- July 9, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 9, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-05821
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Vazquez et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Privacy / tracking-technologies class action
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-004
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut
- Jurisdiction
- Connecticut
- Filed
- April 2, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- Sept. 11, 2026 — Plaintiffs moved for a preliminary injunction. Robinhood filed notice supporting its pending, unopposed motion to intervene. Neither request has been granted.
- Docket / index
- D. Conn. No. 3:26-cv-00498-VDO, Docs. 101–102
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Connecticut; Ned Lamont; William Tong; Bryan Cafferelli; Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection, Gaming Division; Kristofer Gilman
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket and filed-stamped Docs. 101–102 verified September 12, 2026
Sources: primary docket; plaintiffs’ preliminary-injunction motion; Robinhood intervention notice.
- Matter ID
- EXP-043
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class / market-resolution action
- Court / agency
- Supreme Court of New York, New York County
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- July 6, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 6, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- N.Y. Cnty. Sup. Ct. No. 158389/2026
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Wood et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class / market-resolution action
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-021
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico
- Jurisdiction
- New Mexico
- Filed
- June 30, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 5, 2026
- Docket / index
- D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-02100
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Polymarket entity not identified in linked material
- Defendant / respondent
- Attorney General Raúl Torrez
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Docket/public record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-024
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Connecticut; on appeal to the Second Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Connecticut
- Filed
- December 3, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- By September 1, 2026, Kalshi had filed Second Circuit briefing arguing that the Commodity Exchange Act gives the CFTC exclusive jurisdiction over transactions conducted on a designated contract market even if the underlying agreement is not a swap. This is Kalshi’s appellate argument, not a court ruling.
- Docket / index
- D. Conn. No. 3:25-cv-02016 (Kalshi v. Cafferelli)
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection officials
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Second Circuit No. 26-2239
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Second Circuit filing excerpt and underlying district docket verified through September 1, 2026
Sources: Second Circuit filing excerpt reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post; underlying district docket.
- Matter ID
- MISS-003
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- CFTC civil enforcement lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- April 23, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- July 1, 2026
- Docket / index
- S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-03369
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- Gannon Ken Van Dyke
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket (contracts at issue)
- Verification
- Primary complaint verified
- Matter ID
- EXP-042
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Consumer-protection action
- Court / agency
- Superior Court of the District of Columbia
- Jurisdiction
- District of Columbia
- Filed
- June 26, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 26, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- D.C. Super. Ct. No. 2026-CAB-004388
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- National Association of Consumer Advocates
- Defendant / respondent
- Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer-protection action
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-025
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court (Kentucky)
- Jurisdiction
- Kentucky
- Filed
- June 23, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 2026
- Docket / index
- E.D. Ky. No. 3:26-cv-00049-SCM
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- Commonwealth of Kentucky; Andy Beshear; Russell Coleman; Thomas B. Miller; Kentucky Horse Racing and Gaming Corporation
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-026
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Franklin Circuit Court, Kentucky
- Jurisdiction
- Kentucky
- Filed
- June 17, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 17, 2026
- Docket / index
- Franklin Cir. Ct. No. 26-CI-00689
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Commonwealth of Kentucky, by Attorney General Russell Coleman
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc.; KalshiEX LLC; Kalshi Klear, Inc.; Kalshi Klear, LLC; Kalshi Trading, LLC | Coinbase Global, Inc.; Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. | Robinhood Derivatives LLC; Robinhood Securities, LLC | Webull Corporation
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi, Coinbase, Robinhood, Webull
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-027
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Franklin Circuit Court, Kentucky
- Jurisdiction
- Kentucky
- Filed
- June 17, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 17, 2026
- Docket / index
- Franklin Cir. Ct. No. 26-CI-00696
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Commonwealth of Kentucky, by Attorney General Russell Coleman
- Defendant / respondent
- Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket; QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US; QC Clearing, LLC d/b/a Polymarket Clearing
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-046
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Filed
- June 17, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 17, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California No. 3:26-cv-05978
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Austin et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-028
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- First Judicial District Court, Carson City, Nevada (Judge Jason Woodbury)
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Filed
- February 18, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 15, 2026
- Docket / index
- Carson City Dist. Ct. No. 26 0C 00050 1B; Nev. Sup. Ct. No. 92771
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Nevada Gaming Control Board
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-041
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Privacy / trade-data class action
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Filed
- June 15, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 15, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California No. 3:26-cv-03556
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- James
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Privacy / trade-data class action
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-030
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of New Mexico
- Jurisdiction
- New Mexico
- Filed
- June 12, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 12, 2026
- Docket / index
- D.N.M. No. 1:26-cv-01912
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- State of New Mexico; Michelle Lujan Grisham; Raúl Torrez; Patrick Garrett; Indy White; Van Billops; Mekko Miller
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-031
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- June 12, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 12, 2026
- Docket / index
- S.D.N.Y. No. 1:26-cv-04980
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- North American Derivatives Exchange (Nadex), a Crypto.com company
- Defendant / respondent
- Attorney General Letitia James; New York State Gaming Commission
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Crypto.com/Nadex
- Verification
- Docket/public record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-039
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Filed
- June 12, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 12, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California No. 3:26-cv-05610
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Mazza
- Defendant / respondent
- Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-040
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Filed
- June 12, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 12, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California No. 3:26-cv-05724
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Collar et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-032
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Federal government lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin
- Jurisdiction
- Wisconsin
- Filed
- April 28, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 10, 2026
- Docket / index
- E.D. Wis. No. 2:26-cv-00749
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Wisconsin; Tony Evers; Josh Kaul; Wisconsin Department of Administration Division of Gaming; John Dillett
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Seventh Circuit Nos. 26-2636, 26-2675 and 26-2696
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-057
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Arbitration / prediction-market contract dispute
- Court / agency
- Supreme Court of New York, New York County
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- June 9, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 9, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- N.Y. Cnty. Sup. Ct. No. 653137/2026
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Matthew Slovin
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Arbitration / prediction-market contract dispute
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-034
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- First Judicial District Court, Santa Fe County, New Mexico
- Jurisdiction
- New Mexico
- Filed
- June 4, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 8, 2026
- Docket / index
- N.M. 1st Jud. Dist. No. D-101-CV-2026-01567
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- State of New Mexico, by Attorney General Raúl Torrez
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc.; KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-047
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- Arizona state court (Maricopa County)
- Jurisdiction
- Arizona
- Filed
- March 16, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- 2026-06-04 — Ninth Circuit proceedings in No. 26-2978 were stayed pending mandates in three related appeals.
- Docket / index
- Maricopa County Superior Court No. CR2026-000173-001; related D. Ariz. No. 2:26-cv-01715-MTL
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Attorney General Kris Mayes
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/order verified
- Matter ID
- EXP-060
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- State criminal enforcement action
- Court / agency
- Maricopa County Superior Court
- Jurisdiction
- Arizona
- Filed
- March 16, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- June 4, 2026 — related Ninth Circuit proceedings were stayed pending mandates in related appeals.
- Docket / index
- Maricopa Cnty. Super. Ct. No. CR2026-000173-002
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- State of Arizona
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Trading LLC
- Case category
- State criminal enforcement action
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Related Ninth Circuit No. 26-2978
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-041
- Relationship
- Federal action; Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Rhode Island
- Jurisdiction
- Rhode Island
- Filed
- May 28, 2026 | May 2026
- Latest verified activity
- August 28, 2026 — Rhode Island defendants filed a notice of supplemental authority in the lead case, citing the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516. The notice also applies to the consolidated state case; the preliminary-injunction motions remain pending.
- Docket / index
- D.R.I. No. 1:26-cv-00327
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission | KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Mark Furcolo; Peter F. Neronha; Christina Tobiasz
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-043
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (from D. Nev.)
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Filed
- 2026
- Latest verified activity
- May 21, 2026
- Docket / index
- D. Nev. No. 2:26-cv-00406; 9th Cir. No. 26-1304
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Nevada Gaming Control Board
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 26-1304
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi, Robinhood, Crypto.com/Nadex
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-056
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Arbitration / prediction-market contract dispute
- Court / agency
- Supreme Court of New York, New York County
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- May 20, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- May 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- N.Y. Cnty. Sup. Ct. No. 157953/2026
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Martin Trinidad et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Arbitration / prediction-market contract dispute
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-038
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- Kentucky
- Filed
- May 11, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- May 11, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-05246
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Roberts
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- W.D. Ky. No. 3:26-cv-00336
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-044
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Administrative — Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency; on appeal to the Fourth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Maryland
- Filed
- April 1, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- May 7, 2026
- Docket / index
- D. Md. No. 1:25-cv-01283 (Kalshi v. Martin); 4th Cir. No. 25-1892
- Issuing authority
- Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency
- Order recipient / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-045
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit (from D. Md.)
- Jurisdiction
- Maryland
- Filed
- August 1, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- September 9, 2026 — Maryland and Kalshi filed opposing Rule 28(j) letters addressing the Ninth Circuit’s KalshiEX LLC v. Assad decision. Maryland argues that Assad supports affirmance because sports-event contracts are not swaps and current CFTC regulation bars gaming contracts. Kalshi argues that the decision is nonbinding, misreads the Commodity Exchange Act and will be undermined by the CFTC’s proposed event-contract rule. These are the parties’ positions; the Fourth Circuit has not ruled.
- Docket / index
- D. Md. No. 1:25-cv-01283 (Kalshi v. Martin); 4th Cir. No. 25-1892
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- John Martin, Director, Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Fourth Circuit No. 25-1892
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Court-stamped September 9 Rule 28(j) letters reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post; official Fourth Circuit docket linked. The court has not ruled.
Sources: Daniel Wallach’s filing report; Maryland’s court-stamped Rule 28(j) letter; Kalshi’s court-stamped Rule 28(j) letter; official Fourth Circuit docket.
- Matter ID
- CUR-042
- Relationship
- State or municipal action; Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- First Judicial District Court, Carson City, Nevada | U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Nevada
- Filed
- January 19, 2026 | 2026
- Latest verified activity
- May 2026
- Docket / index
- D. Nev. No. 3:26-cv-00089; 9th Cir. No. 26-1343
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Nevada Gaming Control Board | Blockratize, Inc. (Polymarket), appellant
- Defendant / respondent
- Blockratize, Inc. (Polymarket) | Nevada Gaming Control Board
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 26-1343
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-049
- Relationship
- Tribal claim
- Matter type
- Tribal lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Western District of Wisconsin
- Jurisdiction
- Wisconsin
- Filed
- August 20, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- May 1, 2026
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wis. No. 3:25-cv-00698
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Ho-Chunk Nation
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Tribal litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-037
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- Jurisdiction
- Massachusetts
- Filed
- April 22, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- April 22, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts No. 1:26-cv-12413
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Smith
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Suffolk Cnty. No. 2684CV01188
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi / Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-045
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Filed
- April 22, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- April 22, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California No. 3:26-cv-03415
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Chehal et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-050
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- New York state court
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- April 21, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- April 21, 2026
- Docket / index
- N.Y. Cnty. Sup. Ct. Index No. 451603/2026
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- People of the State of New York, by Attorney General Letitia James
- Defendant / respondent
- Gemini Titan, LLC
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Gemini
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-052
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Administrative / regulator enforcement
- Court / agency
- Administrative — NJ Division of Gaming Enforcement
- Jurisdiction
- New Jersey
- Filed
- 2025
- Latest verified activity
- April 6, 2026
- Docket / index
- D.N.J. No. 1:25-cv-02152; 3d Cir. No. 25-1922
- Issuing authority
- New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement
- Order recipient / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/primary record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-053
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. Supreme Court (from the Third Circuit)
- Jurisdiction
- New Jersey
- Filed
- 2025
- Latest verified activity
- September 2, 2026 — New Jersey filed a petition for a writ of certiorari asking whether the Dodd-Frank Act preempts states from regulating sports bets offered on CFTC-registered markets. The petition cites the direct conflict between the Third Circuit’s ruling for Kalshi and the Ninth Circuit’s August 28 ruling against Kalshi. Supreme Court docket assignment remains pending.
- Docket / index
- D.N.J. No. 1:25-cv-02152; Third Cir. No. 25-1922; U.S. Supreme Court petition filed, docket number pending
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Marlene Caride; David Rebuck; New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement; Matthew J. Platkin
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Third Circuit No. 25-1922
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Third Circuit opinion, Supreme Court extension docket and September 2 petition verified
Sources: September 2 petition for a writ of certiorari; Supreme Court extension docket No. 25A1465; Third Circuit opinion.
- Matter ID
- CUR-051
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Arizona
- Jurisdiction
- Arizona
- Filed
- March 12, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- April 2026
- Docket / index
- D. Ariz. No. 2:26-cv-01715
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Arizona gaming and law enforcement officials
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Ninth Circuit No. 26-2978
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Docket/public record linked
- Matter ID
- CUR-055
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Western District of Washington
- Jurisdiction
- Washington
- Filed
- March 30, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- April 1, 2026
- Docket / index
- W.D. Wash. No. 3:26-cv-05311
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Robinhood Derivatives, LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- State of Washington
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Robinhood
- Verification
- Docket/public record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-034
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market resolution
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- March 24, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- March 24, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-02394
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Golan
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market resolution
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-035
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama
- Jurisdiction
- Alabama
- Filed
- March 20, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- March 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama No. 3:26-cv-00722
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Willis
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Franklin Cnty. No. 202690007600
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-036
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
- Jurisdiction
- Georgia
- Filed
- March 20, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- March 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia No. 1:26-cv-01525
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Kaiserman
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-033
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market resolution
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Filed
- March 5, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- March 5, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-04734
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Risch
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market resolution
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- C.D. Cal. No. 2:26-cv-02390
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-032
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- Oregon
- Filed
- February 20, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- February 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-05238
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Reynolds
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- D. Or. No. 3:26-cv-00336
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-031
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- February 11, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- February 11, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-01160
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Yoon
- Defendant / respondent
- Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- CUR-057
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Court case / lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts
- Jurisdiction
- Massachusetts
- Filed
- February 9, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- February 9, 2026
- Docket / index
- D. Mass. No. 1:26-cv-10651
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Polymarket entity not identified in linked material
- Defendant / respondent
- Attorney General Andrea Joy Campbell
- Case category
- Court litigation
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Docket/public record linked
- Matter ID
- EXP-030
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- February 4, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- February 4, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-00973
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Diego
- Defendant / respondent
- Blockratize, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — prediction-market contracts
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-059
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Private civil action involving prediction-market operator
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- February 3, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- February 3, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-00935
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Goldman
- Defendant / respondent
- Novig Betting, Inc.
- Case category
- Private civil action involving prediction-market operator
- Platforms / relationships
- Novig
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-028
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- January 29, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- January 29, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-01924
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Jennings
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- M.D. Ala. transferor docket
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-027
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- January 13, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- January 13, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-00317
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Hallman et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-029
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- January 8, 2026
- Latest verified activity
- January 8, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:26-cv-04126
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Josephson et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- N.D. Ill. No. 1:26-cv-00220
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-026
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- November 26, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- November 26, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:25-cv-09913
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Pelayo et al.
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-053
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Filed
- November 24, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- November 24, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- N.D. Ill. No. 1:25-cv-14184
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery
- Defendant / respondent
- KalshiEX LLC et al.
- Case category
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-025
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
- Jurisdiction
- New York
- Filed
- October 16, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- October 16, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York No. 1:25-cv-08585
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- In re Kalshi Sports Prediction Market Litigation (Yee originating action)
- Case category
- Consumer class action — sports prediction markets
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-051
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Court / agency
- South Carolina state court / U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina
- Jurisdiction
- South Carolina
- Filed
- October 7, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- October 7, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- South Carolina originating matter; D.S.C. Nos. 8:25-cv-12859 and 8:25-cv-12867
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi / Robinhood / Webull
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-052
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Court / agency
- Georgia state court / U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Georgia
- Jurisdiction
- Georgia
- Filed
- October 2, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- October 2, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Georgia originating matter; M.D. Ga. Nos. 4:25-cv-00310 and 4:25-cv-00311
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi / Robinhood
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-050
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Court / agency
- Massachusetts Superior Court / U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts
- Jurisdiction
- Massachusetts
- Filed
- September 22, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- September 22, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Massachusetts originating matter; D. Mass. Nos. 1:25-cv-12705 and 1:25-cv-12707
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Massachusetts Gambling Recovery LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi / Robinhood / Webull
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-049
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Court / agency
- Circuit Court of Cook County / U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Filed
- September 19, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- September 19, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Cook Cnty. originating matter; N.D. Ill. Nos. 1:25-cv-11374 and 1:25-cv-11394
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi / Robinhood / Webull
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-024
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- False Claims Act / event-contract action
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
- Jurisdiction
- Illinois
- Filed
- September 8, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- September 8, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois No. 1:25-cv-10815
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery
- Defendant / respondent
- North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc.
- Case category
- False Claims Act / event-contract action
- Platforms / relationships
- Crypto.com / NADEX
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-047
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Court / agency
- Mahoning County Court of Common Pleas / U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio
- Jurisdiction
- Ohio
- Filed
- August 28, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- August 28, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Mahoning C.P. originating matter; N.D. Ohio Nos. 4:25-cv-01573 and 4:25-cv-01574
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi, Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi / Robinhood / Webull
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- EXP-048
- Relationship
- State or municipal action
- Matter type
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Court / agency
- Franklin Circuit Court / U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky
- Jurisdiction
- Kentucky
- Filed
- August 22, 2025
- Latest verified activity
- August 22, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
- Docket / index
- Franklin Cir. Ct. No. 25-CI-00512; E.D. Ky. Nos. 3:25-cv-00053 and 3:25-cv-00054
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Kalshi Inc. et al.
- Case category
- Gambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi / Robinhood / Webull
- Verification
- Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28
- Matter ID
- LEG-001
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Federal platform challenge
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court for D.C.; U.S. Court of Appeals for D.C. Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- District of Columbia
- Filed
- November 1, 2023
- Latest verified activity
- October 2, 2024
- Docket / index
- D.D.C. No. 1:23-cv-03257; D.C. Cir. No. 24-5205
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- KalshiEX LLC
- Defendant / respondent
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- D.C. Circuit No. 24-5205
- Platforms / relationships
- Kalshi
- Verification
- Published appellate opinion
- Matter ID
- LEG-002
- Relationship
- Platform challenge
- Matter type
- Federal platform / trader challenge
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, Western District of Texas; Fifth Circuit
- Jurisdiction
- Texas
- Filed
- September 1, 2022
- Latest verified activity
- March 1, 2024
- Docket / index
- W.D. Tex. No. 1:22-cv-00909; 5th Cir. Nos. 22-51124 and 24-50079
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- PredictIt-related plaintiffs including Aristotle International, Inc.
- Defendant / respondent
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Case category
- Platform challenge to state regulation
- Attached appellate docket(s)
- Fifth Circuit Nos. 22-51124 and 24-50079
- Platforms / relationships
- PredictIt
- Verification
- Published Fifth Circuit opinions
- Matter ID
- LEG-003
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- CFTC administrative enforcement
- Court / agency
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Filed
- January 3, 2022
- Latest verified activity
- January 2022
- Docket / index
- CFTC administrative order
- Issuing authority
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Order recipient / respondent
- Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket.com
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Polymarket
- Verification
- Official CFTC order
- Matter ID
- LEG-005
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- CFTC civil enforcement lawsuit
- Court / agency
- U.S. District Court, District of Columbia
- Jurisdiction
- District of Columbia
- Filed
- November 26, 2012
- Latest verified activity
- July 5, 2018
- Docket / index
- D.D.C. No. 1:12-cv-01902
- Plaintiff / petitioner
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Defendant / respondent
- Trade Exchange Network Limited; Intrade The Prediction Market Limited
- Case category
- CFTC civil enforcement
- Platforms / relationships
- Intrade
- Verification
- Official CFTC disposition verified
- Matter ID
- LEG-004
- Relationship
- Federal action
- Matter type
- CFTC administrative enforcement
- Court / agency
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Jurisdiction
- Federal
- Filed
- October 4, 2005
- Latest verified activity
- October 4, 2005
- Docket / index
- CFTC Docket No. 05-14
- Issuing authority
- Commodity Futures Trading Commission
- Order recipient / respondent
- Trade Exchange Network Limited
- Case category
- Administrative / enforcement proceeding
- Platforms / relationships
- Intrade; TradeSports
- Verification
- Official CFTC order verified
Sources: linked court dockets, filed complaints, signed orders, published opinions and official agency records. The tracker uses one card for each distinct lawsuit, court case or regulatory action, and every retained record links a primary source. Last updated September 12, 2026.
Path to the Supreme Court
New Jersey and Robinhood ask the Supreme Court to resolve the circuit split
New Jersey filed a petition for certiorari on September 2 after the Third Circuit ruled for Kalshi in April and the Ninth Circuit ruled against it on August 28. Robinhood filed a separate petition on September 9 asking the Court to review the Ninth Circuit ruling. The petitions present opposite sides of the circuit split; neither filing means the Court has granted review.
Complete
District courts reached opposite answers on identical facts
The two questions are whether sports event contracts are swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act, and whether the Act preempts state gambling law. District judges have answered both ways. Tennessee granted Kalshi a preliminary injunction on February 20, 2026 on the basis that the contracts are likely swaps. Ohio denied one on March 10 holding they are not. In June the Western District of Michigan found they are likely not swaps and that no preemption theory applies.
Conflicting district rulings do not create a circuit split. They establish that the question is genuinely contested, which is the groundwork for one.
Source: Court dockets and filed orders cited in the litigation tracker.
Complete
The Third Circuit ruled for Kalshi, 2–1
KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty, No. 25-1922, argued September 10, 2025 and decided April 6, 2026. Judge David Porter wrote for the majority, joined by Chief Judge Michael Chagares, holding that the contracts are swaps and that both field and conflict preemption shield them from New Jersey’s gambling laws. Judge Jane Roth dissented, writing that the products are virtually indistinguishable from what online sportsbooks offer.
It affirmed a preliminary injunction rather than deciding the merits. The split panel is part of why the case is considered a plausible vehicle: the Supreme Court took Murphy v. NCAA out of the same circuit, also over a divided opinion.
Source: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Read the opinion.
Complete
The Ninth Circuit created a direct appellate split
In KalshiEX, LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the dissolution of Kalshi’s preliminary injunction as to sports event contracts. The panel concluded that Kalshi had not shown a likelihood that the Commodity Exchange Act preempts Nevada gaming regulation because the sports contracts were not swaps under the Act and current CFTC Regulation 40.11 bars gaming contracts.
The panel remanded Nevada’s challenge to Kalshi’s election contracts for the district court to consider. The ruling concerns preliminary relief rather than a final merits judgment, but its reasoning directly conflicts with the Third Circuit’s April decision.
Source: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Read the August 28 opinion.
Where it stands
New Jersey filed its petition on September 2
New Jersey asks the Supreme Court whether the Dodd-Frank Act preempts states from regulating sports bets offered on markets registered with the CFTC. The petition identifies the Third and Ninth Circuits’ opposite answers as a direct and acknowledged split.
The petition was filed before the September 3 extended deadline. The public extension docket remains application No. 25A1465; a regular Supreme Court merits docket number had not yet been assigned when this tracker was updated.
Sources: September 2 petition for a writ of certiorari; Supreme Court of the United States, application docket No. 25A1465.
Not yet
What happens next
After the petition receives a regular docket number, Kalshi may respond. Four justices must vote to grant certiorari before merits briefing, argument and a decision. Filing the petition does not mean the Court has agreed to hear the case.
Prediction market traders have put roughly a 64% chance on the Court accepting a sports event contract case by the end of 2026. Those traders are pricing whether the Court takes a case. How it would rule is a separate question nobody is quoting.
Source: prediction market pricing, reported July 2026. Treat as sentiment rather than a forecast of the ruling.
Appeals courts holding the same question
SixthOhio and Tennessee, consolidated. CFTC an active party.Argued July 30
NinthNevada; sports-contract injunction dissolution affirmed, election issues remanded.Decided Aug. 28 — 3–0 against Kalshi
FourthMaryland Lottery and Gaming Control Commission.Argued May 7
SecondNew York and Connecticut, both after adverse rulings.Briefing
Sources: federal appellate opinions, the September 2 petition, the Supreme Court extension docket, and DeFi Rate’s litigation tracker. Dates reflect the records as of September 2, 2026. Last updated September 2, 2026.
The arguments
Where the disagreements sit
A federal judge in Tennessee found that sports event contracts are likely swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act in February, while an Ohio judge found they are not. Both sit in the Sixth Circuit, reading the same statute. The sources below are arguing five separate questions rather than one.
Legal questions
- Does the Commodity Exchange Act’s purpose test even reach event contracts?Beylin says event contracts serve neither hedging nor price discovery, so state law still reaches them. Kurtz agrees the statute is contradictory but would narrow the CFTC’s power to shut the markets down rather than widen state power over them.2 sources →
- Should one regulator own this, or two?The litigation is being fought as a binary one side has to win. These three papers argue the answer is a role for both levels of government, or a test based on what a contract does rather than where it is listed.3 sources →
- Does tribal authority survive a platform’s CFTC registration?Tribes argue Class III gaming status under IGRA survives a platform’s CFTC registration. Kalshi argues tribal authority does not reach non-members and the Commodity Exchange Act preempts the claim entirely.1 source →
- Are sports contracts a different problem from the rest?Leagues, the NCAA and the player unions say the safeguards that govern sportsbooks are absent here: no integrity-monitoring duty, no age floor of 21, no restrictions on player props. Platforms point to surveillance and insider screening, and the CFTC’s June 2026 proposal would treat injury, officiating and pre-collegiate contracts differently from aggregate outcomes.9 sources →
- How well do the prices forecast?One survey finds prediction markets forecast well. One trade-level analysis finds pricing breaks down near expiry. They examine different things, which is why both can be right.2 sources →
Question 1 of 5All legal questions
Does the Commodity Exchange Act’s purpose test even reach event contracts?
State authority
Event Contracts Are a Step Too Far for Derivatives Regulation
Ilya Beylin, Seton Hall Law School
University of Chicago Business Law Review, 2025
Says no for many event contracts: they advance neither hedging nor price discovery, so state law — including gambling law — remains available.
Market scope
Political Prediction Markets: Bad Law, but Good Policy?
Alexander Kurtz
Boston College Law Review, February 26, 2026
Finds the governing law contradictory but argues the public benefit is real, and would narrow the CFTC’s authority to shut these markets down rather than expand state power over them.
Question 2 of 5All legal questions
Should one regulator own this, or two?
Concurrent or functional
Regulating Sports Prediction Markets
John T. Holden, Matthew C. Turk & Marc Edelman
University of Illinois Law Review, forthcoming 2026
Reads the migration of sports wagering into federally regulated contracts as regulatory arbitrage, and argues the answer is a role for both levels of government rather than a winner.
Concurrent or functional
Should the Rules Be Different When Prediction Markets Play Sportsbook?
David Krause, Marquette University
CLS Blue Sky Blog, August 18, 2026
Argues the regulatory question should turn on what a contract does, not where it is listed: hedging and information markets and recreational sports contracts need not be treated alike.
Concurrent or functional
Betting on Everything
Karl Lockhart, DePaul University College of Law
Boston College Law Review, October 31, 2025
Questions the investing-versus-gambling line itself, arguing current products expose the two-regime model as unable to sort them.
Question 3 of 5All legal questions
Does tribal authority survive a platform’s CFTC registration?
Tribal authority
How Indian Law Can Take On Prediction Market Giants
Czar Sepe, University of Pennsylvania Law School
SSRN working paper, April 24, 2026
Argues sports-related prediction contracts offered on Indian lands can constitute Class III gaming under IGRA even where they also qualify as CEA instruments — the two characterizations are not mutually exclusive.
Question 4 of 5All legal questions
Are sports contracts a different problem from the rest?
Letters asking the exchanges to drop manipulation-prone markets
Went directly to Kalshi and Polymarket rather than through the CFTC, asking them to stop listing contracts that can be easily manipulated or determined in advance. Has since pressed the CFTC for a minimum trading age of 21, restrictions on player props and officiating contracts, and cross-platform lists of barred individuals.
Comment letter on league authority over market approval
Argues leagues are best positioned to identify which markets pose outsized integrity risk, and asks the CFTC to require exchanges to block athletes, officials and team personnel using league-supplied lists, plus know-your-customer rules so sports contracts cannot be traded anonymously.
Request to suspend collegiate prediction market contracts
Asks the CFTC for an interim suspension of college contracts, arguing they resemble unregulated wagering without age limits, advertising rules, integrity monitoring or prop restrictions. Cites more than 1,500 gambling-related abusive messages to student-athletes since 2024, a criminal investigation touching 17 schools and roughly 40 athletes, and roughly $2 billion in prediction market volume around the 2026 tournaments that it has no mechanism to police.
Joint letter from five players associations on athlete safety
Focuses on harassment rather than legality, reporting that members and their families face increased threatening and abusive behavior from gamblers. Asks for anti-harassment measures and restrictions on contracts tied to individual athletes.
First memorandum of understanding between a league and the CFTC
Signed the first agreement of its kind between a sports league and the CFTC, committing both sides to share integrity information and meet regularly on markets that could be easy to manipulate. Commissioner Rob Manfred framed it as setting clear boundaries while keeping fan engagement. In its July rulemaking comment MLB argued the framework should also cover contracts that do not settle on what happens in a game, naming markets on an athlete’s personal affairs, team personnel decisions and press conference remarks.
Consumer protections for prediction market event contracts
States that consumer protections and public health safeguards have not kept pace with the behavioral risks these products create, and asks operators to promote the National Problem Gambling Helpline prominently and continuously.
Prediction markets should face gambling regulation
Describes prediction markets as a new form of gambling under a different label, and warns of harm to sports and lottery integrity, responsible gaming programs, public benefit funding and law enforcement efforts on tax evasion and money laundering. Cites a World Lottery Association paper calling the products unlicensed betting by another name.
Prediction markets, gambling, the CFTC and regulation
Argues most of these contracts are unlawful under the CEA, that the CFTC is not equipped to police nationwide gambling, and that the 2018 Supreme Court decision left sports betting to the states rather than to a federal derivatives regulator.
Kalshi’s position in the sports rulemaking docket
Backs the CFTC’s contract-by-contract review and its distinction between mainstream and micro markets, and argues regulated exchanges are preferable to offshore platforms. Chief executive Tarek Mansour has gone further in public, saying markets on individual plays are harder to police for integrity and that he was surprised states permitted them for as long as they did, and that federal review lets a problem market be stopped once rather than in forty separate states.
Holden, Turk and Edelman treat sports as a regulatory arbitrage problem in Question 2. Moshrefi’s Kalshi trade analysis is in Question 5.
Question 5 of 5All legal questions
How well do the prices forecast?
Finds the forecasts hold up
Prediction Markets
Justin Wolfers & Eric Zitzewitz
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 2004
Finds that prediction markets aggregate dispersed information effectively and can produce forecasts that outperform moderately sophisticated alternatives.
Finds pricing breaks down near expiry
Prices, Probabilities, and Parlays: Systematic Bias in Sports Prediction Markets
Niusha Moshrefi
arXiv preprint, July 15, 2026
Roughly 23 million Kalshi sports trades show calibration breaking down near expiry and combos priced above fair value — evidence against reading every quoted price as a clean probability.
Legal reporting and analysis
Who to follow
Sports and gaming law
Daniel Wallach
Wallach Legal
Tracks court filings, rulings and the federal-preemption arguments shaping Kalshi’s state cases.
Online gaming and exchanges
Peter Hammon
Attorney and industry advisor
Writes about online gaming, sports betting and prediction-market exchange regulation, operations and market structure.
Derivatives regulation
Carl E. Kennedy
Katten Muchin Rosenman
Covers the Commodity Exchange Act, CFTC authority and the derivatives-law case for federally regulated event contracts.
Gaming industry news
Alfonso Straffon
Wagering industry analyst
Surfaces new complaints, enforcement actions, regulatory developments and court decisions across the wagering industry.
Prediction market reporting
Dustin Gouker
The Closing Line and The Event Horizon
Reports on prediction markets and online gambling, including new lawsuits, regulatory actions and industry responses.
Law firm analysis
These document what the courts and the CFTC have done rather than argue for an outcome.
Legal landscape
Sports and Gaming Law in the First Half of 2026: Top Five Developments
WilmerHale
Client alert · August 13, 2026
The federal-state jurisdiction fight, CFTC rulemaking, appellate litigation and recent state wins, in one place.
State authority
The Rise of the State Attorneys General
Gibson Dunn
Client alert · July 16, 2026
How state AGs are coordinating to preserve state gambling authority, including CFTC submissions and enforcement.
Federal preemption
A Divided Third Circuit Holds That the CFTC Has Exclusive Jurisdiction Over Sports-Related Event Contracts
Paul, Weiss
Client alert · April 6, 2026
Close reading of KalshiEX v. Flaherty, including the majority’s swap analysis and why the split panel matters.
Federal vs. state
Prediction Markets at a Crossroads: Preemption, Enforcement and Rulemaking
Norton Rose Fulbright
Client alert · April 2026
Connects the Third Circuit ruling to the United States and CFTC suits against states, and to the competing field- and conflict-preemption theories.
Split courts
Prediction Markets at a Crossroads: The Continued Jurisdictional Battle Over Event Contracts
Holland & Knight
Client alert · February 20, 2026
Documents federal and state courts reaching opposite results, with the strongest form of each argument.
Regulatory framework
United States: Event Contracts and Prediction Markets
Baker McKenzie
Client alert · April 6, 2026
The CEA and CFTC framework plus settlement, information integrity, manipulation and compliance risk.
CFTC rulemaking
CFTC Proposes New Rules for Event Contracts on Prediction Markets
Greenberg Traurig
Client alert · June 16, 2026
Breaks down the proposed public-interest framework and how the CFTC would treat sports event contracts.
Every source is linked individually. DeFi Rate does not endorse the positions listed; they are here to show the range of the argument. Last updated August 26, 2026.