The snapshot from Oct 8, 4:04 PM ET isn’t kept: this page’s figures are live, and older snapshots aren’t stored yet. This is the latest, at its own permanent address: https://defirate.com/prediction-markets/legal/snapshot/2026-10-22T1732/.
Permanent snapshot · never updated
Legal trackerEvery figure as of Oct 22, 5:32 PM ET
A frozen record for citation. Numbers on the live page change as markets move; these don’t. Methodology · Live source records
QCX LLC v. Wilson et al.
Complaint filed October 16; related-case memorandum entered October 21Platform challenge to state gambling regulation. QCX LLC, doing business as Polymarket US, filed its complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief on October 16, 2026 (ECF 1). It alleges that Ohio's sports-gaming licensing requirements discriminate against interstate commerce and are preempted by the Commodity Exchange Act. The complaint seeks declaratory relief, preliminary and permanent injunctions, and attorneys' fees and costs; those requests are not court findings or relief granted. Exhibit 1 reproduces an October 2 Ohio Casino Control Commission cease-and-desist letter addressed to PM US Tech (QC Tech LLC), demanding an immediate halt to sports-event contracts in Ohio and a written compliance response within 14 days. The complaint expressly notes the addressee differs from QCX LLC. Official court entries record summons and appearances on October 19 and a related-case memorandum (ECF 8) on October 21. The memorandum's full text was not accessed. No injunction or merits ruling has been verified.
October 21: verified court-stamped ECF 1 cover, complaint allegations and prayer for relief, and all four pages of ECF 1-1. Filed October 16, not October 20. Official court feed confirms ECF 8 on October 21; memorandum text and any relief granted not verified. Latest activity October 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC v. Wilson et al.: complaint filed october 16; related-case memorandum entered october 21” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (6)
KalshiEX LLC v. New York State Gaming Commission
Motion for injunction pending appeal calendared for November 3Court litigation. An October 21, 2026 Second Circuit notice in No. 26-1835, DktEntry 60.1, places the motion for an injunction pending appeal on the substantive motions calendar for November 3, 2026, at 10 a.m. Eastern, in Courtroom 1703 of the Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse in New York. This is a motion hearing, not a merits argument or an order granting an injunction. Mick Bransfield reproduced the complete one-page court notice; Daniel Wallach emphasized the motion-only scope. The notice does not itself establish that the Connecticut appeals will be heard jointly. The CFTC previously filed an amicus brief supporting Kalshi; its federal-jurisdiction arguments are advocacy, not court findings.
October 21: read complete reproduced court-stamped notice, No. 26-1835, DktEntry 60.1, page 1 of 1. It confirms the November 3 injunction-pending-appeal motion hearing. Official calendar checked; joint hearing of Connecticut appeals not independently established. Latest activity October 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. New York State Gaming Commission: motion for injunction pending appeal calendared for november 3” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (5)
Ohio Casino Control Commission notice to sports gaming and fantasy contest licensees and applicants
Licensees told to stop supporting unlicensed Ohio sports-event contracts; compliance responses due October 30Regulator notice on prediction-market service-provider relationships. In a signed October 20, 2026 notice, the Ohio Casino Control Commission tells sports gaming and fantasy contest licensees and applicants to immediately stop facilitating, supporting or providing services to entities offering sports-event contracts to people located in Ohio without an Ohio sports-gaming license. Covered services include market making, liquidity, integrity monitoring, data, platform, technology and security services. Licensees must notify the Commission of compliance by October 30 and preserve supporting records. The notice warns that noncompliance may trigger reopened suitability investigations and possible license denial, nonrenewal, suspension, revocation or other administrative action. Its footnote says licensed futures commission merchants and introducing brokers comply if they do not allow Ohio customers direct or indirect access to sports-event contracts on designated contract markets. This is an agency notice, not a court injunction or a finding that a named licensee has violated the law. It does not itself establish that any license has been revoked or a particular app has stopped trading. It is distinct from the Commission's October 2 cease-and-desist letters to prediction-market operators.
October 22: read both reproduced pages, including date, signature, services covered, October 30 response deadline and FCM/introducing-broker footnote. Original agency-hosted copy not recovered; no individual license sanction or operator shutdown verified. Latest activity October 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ohio Casino Control Commission notice to sports gaming and fantasy contest licensees and applicants: licensees told to stop supporting unlicensed ohio sports-event contracts; compliance responses due october 30” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (2)
Derek Brown v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Complaint filed; injunctive and monetary relief soughtState enforcement lawsuit challenging event contracts. On October 20, Utah Attorney General Derek Brown sued Kalshi entities and two Susquehanna entities in state court, alleging unlawful gambling, public nuisance, unjust enrichment and civil conspiracy. The complaint seeks preliminary and permanent injunctions covering sports, election, politics, culture and mentions contracts in Utah, court-approved third-party geolocation, restitution, damages and disgorgement. These are Utah's allegations and requests, not court findings or relief granted. No injunction or removal to federal court has been verified. This is a separate action from KalshiEX LLC v. Cox, the earlier federal challenge.
Signed complaint public copy checked October 20, including caption and requested relief (pp. 1, 60-63). October 20 filing independently reported by Salt Lake Tribune and KSL. Public copy has no court stamp or assigned case number; full docket, any removal and later orders not verified. Latest activity October 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Derek Brown v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: complaint filed; injunctive and monetary relief sought” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
Joseph Giganti, Sr. v. Patrick W. Moynihan, Jr. et al.
Complaint filed seeking declaratory and preliminary and permanent injunctive reliefIndividual voter challenge to election-contract voting disqualification. Joseph Giganti, Sr. filed a federal civil-rights complaint against Wisconsin state and local election and enforcement officials on October 17, 2026. Reproduced court-stamped page 1 of 22 says he intends to vote in the November 3 election and buy election contracts. He alleges that the Wisconsin Elections Commission's announced interpretation of Wis. Stat. § 6.03(2) would disqualify him from voting and expose him to prosecution if he voted after purchasing those contracts. He seeks prospective declaratory and injunctive relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. These are the plaintiff's allegations and requested relief, not court findings. The official court feed confirms the caption and case number and records judge-assignment and case-opening activity on October 19. Only complaint page 1 was inspected; no injunction or merits decision has been verified.
Checked October 20: official court RSS confirms caption and case number; visually inspected reproduced court-stamped ECF 1 page 1 of 22 confirms October 17 filing, named parties and relief sought. Full complaint and subsequent substantive orders not obtained; no relief granted verified. Latest activity October 17, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Joseph Giganti, Sr. v. Patrick W. Moynihan, Jr. et al.: complaint filed seeking declaratory and preliminary and permanent injunctive relief” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (4)
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Hanaway et al.
Complaint filed seeking declaratory and injunctive reliefPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc., doing business as OG.com Prediction Markets, filed a complaint for declaratory and injunctive relief against Missouri Attorney General Catherine L. Hanaway and Missouri Gaming Commission officials on October 16, 2026. Wallach reports that the challenge concerns state enforcement against sports prediction markets. The official court feed confirms the case caption and docket; reproduced court-stamped page 1 of 39 confirms the filing date, parties and relief sought. This is a separate Western District case from Novig's Eastern District lawsuit. Filing the complaint does not establish that any injunction or other relief was granted. Full complaint text and later substantive orders have not been verified.
Checked October 17: official W.D. Mo. RSS confirms case caption/docket; visually inspected court-stamped complaint page 1 of 39 confirms October 16 filing, parties and requested declaratory/injunctive relief. Full complaint and later substantive orders not obtained; no injunction or merits ruling verified. Latest activity October 16, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Hanaway et al.: complaint filed seeking declaratory and injunctive relief” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (4)
Ludlow Exchange, LLC v. Hanaway et al.
Complaint filed seeking declaratory and injunctive reliefPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. Ludlow Exchange, LLC, doing business as Novig, filed a complaint on October 16, 2026 against Missouri Attorney General Catherine L. Hanaway and Missouri Gaming Commission officials Michael A. Lear and Jan M. Zimmerman in their official capacities. The reproduced first page of the court-stamped complaint seeks to prevent enforcement of Missouri gambling and sports-wagering laws against its event contracts, alleging that federal law places the transactions within the CFTC's exclusive jurisdiction. These are Novig's allegations, not court findings. The district court's public docket feed confirms the complaint as ECF 1 and also lists an appearance and organizational disclosure. No injunction or ruling is established by the materials checked.
Official court RSS checked October 16, 2026: caption, case number and ECF 1 complaint entry confirmed. Court-stamped page 1 of 42 reproduced by Wallach visually checked for parties, filing date and requested relief. Full complaint and later docket not obtained; no order inferred. Latest activity October 16, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange, LLC v. Hanaway et al.: complaint filed seeking declaratory and injunctive relief” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (5)
Missouri attorney general prediction-market cease-and-desist letters
Cease-and-desist letters issued; Novig filed federal challengeAdministrative / regulator enforcement. On Sept. 16–17, 2026, the attorney general directed six operators to comply with Missouri sports-wagering licensing, tax and age rules or cease Missouri sports-event contracts, with confirmation due within 30 days. On October 16, Ludlow Exchange, LLC d/b/a Novig filed a federal complaint against Missouri officials seeking declaratory and injunctive relief, E.D. Mo. 4:26-cv-01780, ECF 1. The lawsuit is tracked separately. The complaint does not establish that relief was granted. Compliance, withdrawal, responses by the other recipients and any adjudicatory ruling have not been verified in this update.
Prior record reports six official letters verified; those historical terms are preserved, not freshly reverified. October 16 update checks official E.D. Mo. RSS and reproduced court-stamped complaint page 1 for Novig's related federal challenge. Full complaint and later orders not obtained; other recipients' responses, compliance and withdrawals not verified. Latest activity October 16, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Missouri attorney general prediction-market cease-and-desist letters: cease-and-desist letters issued; novig filed federal challenge” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (4)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of New York et al.
Preliminary-injunction motion pending; October 16 notices filedCFTC civil enforcement. On October 13, 2026, Judge Lorna G. Schofield permitted supplemental notices concerning the CFTC's October 9 interim final rule and proposed rule. The signed endorsement on page 1 of ECF 177 permits one notice regarding each rule, neither exceeding 350 words, by October 16; defendants may respond, not exceeding 350 words, by October 23. The case-specific docket feed records two notices, ECF 178 and 179, filed October 16. Their full text and attachments were not obtained, so no further description of their contents is asserted. These are permitted submissions, not mandatory briefs; the endorsement grants no preliminary injunction and decides no merits question. The court previously heard argument on the preliminary-injunction motion on September 14. Page 2 of ECF 177 remains unreviewed.
October 22, 2026: independently read case-specific CourtListener Atom entries confirming ECF 178 and 179 notices filed October 16. Prior verification of signed page 1 of ECF 177 and its October 23 response permission retained. Page 2 and full notice contents/attachments remain unavailable. Latest activity October 16, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of New York et al.: preliminary-injunction motion pending; october 16 notices filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (4)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Skrmetti et al.
Relief requested; case referred for magistrate-judge case managementPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. October 13, 2026: Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. and UDM, LLC d/b/a Underdog Predict sued Tennessee officials, seeking a declaration that federal commodities law preempts state gambling-law enforcement against their event contracts and a permanent injunction. The complaint quotes an October 9 Sports Wagering Council letter demanding an immediate stop to Tennessee sports event contracts and threatening penalties, law-enforcement referral and the separate affiliate's fantasy sports license. These are the plaintiffs' allegations and requested remedies, not court findings or granted relief. The docket summary of Chief Judge William L. Campbell Jr.'s October 14 order (ECF 9) refers the case to a magistrate judge for case management; it reports no merits ruling. ECF 8 sets an initial telephone case-management conference for January 28, 2027 at 2 p.m. The signed ECF 9 PDF has not been reviewed.
October 22, 2026: independently read ECF 8 and 9 descriptions in the CourtListener Atom feed and rechecked the complaint public copy. ECF 9 is identified as a docket-text summary; signed PDF unavailable. No merits ruling, license revocation or app-access change inferred. Latest activity October 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Skrmetti et al.: relief requested; case referred for magistrate-judge case management” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (6)
Commonwealth of Kentucky v. QCX LLC et al.
Magistrate judge recommended remand; district judge has not ruledState enforcement of gambling laws. October 14, 2026: Magistrate Judge Edward B. Atkins recommended granting Kentucky's motion to remand the case to Franklin Circuit Court. This is a report and recommendation, not a final remand order; District Judge Claria Horn Boom has not yet adopted or rejected it. Polymarket removed the state enforcement case to federal court on June 18.
Read the October 14 CM/ECF docket entry signed by Magistrate Judge Edward B. Atkins, reproduced in Mick Bransfield's post. It recommends granting Kentucky's remand motion. The public PacerMonitor docket confirmed the federal case identity and prior remand-motion history but had not yet posted the October 14 entry. Latest activity October 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Commonwealth of Kentucky v. QCX LLC et al.: magistrate judge recommended remand; district judge has not ruled” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
KalshiEX LLC v. Martin
Appeal pending; Maryland filed supplemental authority citing Sixth Circuit decisionCourt litigation. On October 14, 2026, Maryland officials filed a supplemental-authority letter in Fourth Circuit No. 25-1892, Doc. 132-1, citing the Sixth Circuit's September 25 decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler. The letter argues that sports-event contracts are not swaps and that the Commodity Exchange Act does not expressly or implicitly preempt state gambling laws. These are Maryland's arguments about the Sixth Circuit decision, not a new Fourth Circuit ruling. On September 9, Maryland and Kalshi filed opposing Rule 28(j) letters addressing the Ninth Circuit's KalshiEX LLC v. Assad decision. Maryland argued that Assad supported affirmance; Kalshi argued it was nonbinding, misread the Act and would be undermined by the CFTC's proposed event-contract rule.
Both court-stamped pages of Fourth Circuit No. 25-1892, Doc. 132-1, filed October 14, reviewed October 16, 2026 from the reproduction in Wallach's post. This verifies the letter and its arguments, not a new Fourth Circuit disposition or a complete current docket review. Latest activity October 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Martin: appeal pending; maryland filed supplemental authority citing sixth circuit decision” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (4)
Tennessee Sports Wagering Council cease-and-desist order
Cease-and-desist challenged; panel vacated preliminary injunction; rehearing petition filedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. September 25, 2026: In KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel, the Sixth Circuit panel vacated the Middle District of Tennessee's preliminary injunction and remanded for further proceedings. On October 9, Kalshi filed a petition for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc in the linked Ohio and Tennessee appeals, Nos. 26-3196 and 26-5235. The petition requests reconsideration; it is not an order granting rehearing or a new injunction. The panel opinion and filed petition do not by themselves establish the current mandate or any later stay, which have not been independently verified here. This administrative record concerns the Tennessee Sports Wagering Council's January cease-and-desist action against Kalshi, not a new October action.
October 15, 2026: official September 25 Sixth Circuit opinion and court-stamped October 9 rehearing petition reviewed. Corrects stale related-card injunction wording. Later mandate/stay status not independently verified; no claim of granted rehearing or current enforcement authority. Latest activity October 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Tennessee Sports Wagering Council cease-and-desist order: cease-and-desist challenged; panel vacated preliminary injunction; rehearing petition filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler et al.
Panel affirmed denial of preliminary injunction September 25; Kalshi filed petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc October 9Court litigation. On September 25, 2026, the Sixth Circuit affirmed the Ohio district court's denial of Kalshi's preliminary-injunction motion in consolidated appeals Nos. 26-3196 and 26-5235. On October 9, Kalshi filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc (No. 26-3196, Document 92). Kalshi argues that the panel's preemption and swap analysis conflicts with other decisions and that the CFTC's October 9 proposed swap-definition rule and interim gambling-exclusion rule warrant reconsideration. Those are Kalshi's arguments, not new court findings. The filing requests reconsideration; it does not grant rehearing or overturn the September 25 decision.
October 11, 2026: checked the full court-stamped public copy of October 9 Document 92 and the official September 25 opinion. No later rehearing ruling independently verified. Latest activity October 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler et al.: panel affirmed denial of preliminary injunction september 25; kalshi filed petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc october 9” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel et al.
Panel vacated preliminary injunction September 25; Kalshi filed petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc October 9Court litigation. On September 25, 2026, the Sixth Circuit vacated the Tennessee district court's grant of Kalshi's preliminary-injunction motion and remanded in consolidated appeals Nos. 26-3196 and 26-5235. On October 9, Kalshi filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc (No. 26-3196, Document 92), covering both appeals. Kalshi argues that the panel's preemption and swap analysis conflicts with other decisions and that the CFTC's October 9 proposed swap-definition rule and interim gambling-exclusion rule warrant reconsideration. Those are Kalshi's arguments, not new court findings. The filing requests reconsideration; it does not grant rehearing or reinstate the Tennessee injunction.
October 11, 2026: checked the full court-stamped public copy of October 9 Document 92 and the official September 25 opinion. No later rehearing ruling independently verified. Latest activity October 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel et al.: panel vacated preliminary injunction september 25; kalshi filed petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc october 9” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
United States and CFTC v. State of New Mexico et al.
Motions pending; November 10 scheduling conference setCFTC civil enforcement. The October 6, 2026 text-only notice (ECF 40) sets a remote status conference for November 10 at 1:30 p.m. Mountain before Chief District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales to discuss scheduling a motions hearing. This is a scheduling conference, not the motions hearing itself. The docket also records the federal plaintiffs' October 8 notice of supplemental authority concerning their preliminary-injunction motion (ECF 41) and New Mexico's October 9 response (ECF 42). The preliminary-injunction and dismissal motions remain pending in the reviewed docket; these entries do not grant relief or decide the merits.
October 22, 2026: independently read ECF 40's complete reproduced text-only notice in the case-specific CourtListener Atom feed and ECF 41-42 docket descriptions. Conference identity, date, time and scheduling-only scope verified; no substantive ruling inferred from supplemental filings. Latest activity October 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States and CFTC v. State of New Mexico et al.: motions pending; november 10 scheduling conference set” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
Blue Lake Rancheria et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
USCA mandate entered; further case-management conference set for October 21Tribal litigation. October 8, 2026: The district court's public CM/ECF feed records a USCA mandate entry (Document 99) and a clerk's notice setting a Zoom hearing. Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley's official calendar lists a further case-management conference for October 21, 2026, at 2 p.m. Pacific by Zoom. This is a scheduling development, not a new injunction or merits ruling. September 16, 2026: The Ninth Circuit reversed the IGRA portion of the preliminary-injunction denial, holding that the tribes are likely to succeed in showing Kalshi's sports-event contracts violate IGRA when offered on tribal lands. That appellate decision did not itself issue an injunction; the remaining preliminary-injunction factors return to the district court.
Official CM/ECF feed and Judge Corley's calendar checked October 9, 2026: mandate entry and Zoom notice dated October 8; calendar confirms October 21 further case-management conference at 2 p.m. Pacific. Mandate PDF not accessed; no new injunction or merits determination inferred. Latest activity October 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Blue Lake Rancheria et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: usca mandate entered; further case-management conference set for october 21” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (4)
KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty
Certiorari petition pending; supporting amicus briefs filed; response due November 9Court litigation. October 8, 2026: The Casino Association of New Jersey filed an amicus brief supporting New Jersey's petition. It asks the Court to hear this case with the two Nevada petitions, reverse the Third Circuit and affirm the Ninth Circuit. These are the association's requests, not a Court decision. The American Gaming Association filed an amicus brief the same day. It asks the Court to grant review promptly, also take the pending Nevada petitions, and decide the question this Term rather than await CFTC rulemaking. These are AGA's requests, not a Court decision. The NFL, former CFTC chairman Gary Gensler and former senator Christopher J. Dodd filed separate amicus briefs the same day. All ask the Court to grant review and argue that Dodd-Frank did not displace state authority over sports betting. The NFL also raises game-integrity and consumer-protection concerns. These are the amici's arguments, not court findings. The docket also records briefs filed by Ohio and other states and DC and Stop Predatory Gambling and others on October 7, and 145 Indian Tribes and Tribal Organizations on October 8. October 6, 2026: The Cabazon Band of Cahuilla Indians filed an amicus brief supporting New Jersey's petition. The tribe asks the Court to review and reverse the Third Circuit decision, arguing that Kalshi's sports contracts threaten tribal gaming authority and revenues. Its appended declarations describe a September 22 trade placed on the Cabazon Reservation and an investigation by the tribal gaming commission. These are the tribe's assertions, not court findings. The petition was docketed September 8; on September 22 the Court extended Kalshi's response deadline to November 9. The Court has not granted review or issued a merits ruling.
October 15, 2026: current Supreme Court docket and three previously omitted October 7–8 briefs checked. Docket now records the Casino Association brief as filed October 8, superseding the prior October 9 submission entry. Review not granted; response due November 9. Prior amici reporting retained. Latest activity October 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty: certiorari petition pending; supporting amicus briefs filed; response due november 9” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (11)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Nessel et al.
Michigan sports-contract halt agreed; underlying appeal remains pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. October 7, 2026: The Michigan Gaming Control Board announced that Coinbase Financial Markets agreed to stop offering new sports-related event contracts to Michigan customers and close remaining customer positions by 12:00 a.m. Eastern on October 10. MGCB says the stipulation covers contracts traded on KalshiEX and other designated contract markets; Michigan agreed to forbear from enforcement while Coinbase complies and related appeals proceed. The agency says Coinbase's appeal remains pending and stayed pending related Sixth Circuit appeals. The stipulation does not resolve the merits or waive the parties' positions. These terms are attributed to MGCB's announcement; the underlying stipulation and actual compliance have not been independently verified.
October 15, 2026: official MGCB October 7 announcement checked. Underlying stipulation not retrieved; current compliance not independently verified. Earlier primary-docket verification date retained, not advanced from a press release. Latest activity October 7, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Nessel et al.: michigan sports-contract halt agreed; underlying appeal remains pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (2)
New Mexico v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Remand motion pending; November 10 scheduling conference setCourt litigation. The October 6, 2026 text-only notice (ECF 44) sets a remote status conference for November 10 at 1:30 p.m. Mountain before Chief District Judge Kenneth J. Gonzales to discuss scheduling a motions hearing. This is a scheduling conference, not the motions hearing itself. The docket records completion of briefing on New Mexico's motion to remand on August 18. The notice does not decide remand, grant an injunction or resolve the merits. This is the state's removed action, separate from the Mescalero tribal lawsuit.
October 22, 2026: independently read the reproduced text-only docket notice, ECF 44, in the case-specific CourtListener Atom feed. Case number, judge, October 6 entry date, November 10 time and remote scheduling-only purpose verified. No attachment exists for this text-only notice. Latest activity October 6, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “New Mexico v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: remand motion pending; november 10 scheduling conference set” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
Connecticut DCP prediction-market cease-and-desist orders
Gemini and Webull withdrawals reported; ProphetX withdrawal disputedAdministrative / regulator enforcement. October 5, 2026 — Connecticut officials told Hearst Connecticut Media that Gemini and Webull had withdrawn services following DCP's September cease-and-desist orders; the report was published October 6. Exact withdrawal dates and scope were not provided. The report also named ProphetX, but Mick Bransfield subsequently disputed that claim; ProphetX's withdrawal is not independently confirmed. This is a reported compliance update, not a new court ruling or settlement. September 12, 2026 — Published excerpts of a Connecticut DCP subpoena signed September 9 seek media records concerning Connecticut-directed prediction-market advertising from January 1, 2025 onward, including contracts, advertisements, run logs, audience reports, legal representations, targeting instructions and sponsorships. The excerpts do not establish that recipients are under investigation or provide the complete recipient list.
October 6: official September 10 announcement and full syndicated Hearst report checked. Gemini/Webull withdrawals are attributed to state officials, not independently verified against operative orders. ProphetX claim disputed by Bransfield. Exact exit dates, scope and recipient legal names remain unverified; orders pending public production. Latest activity October 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Connecticut DCP prediction-market cease-and-desist orders: gemini and webull withdrawals reported; prophetx withdrawal disputed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
United States and CFTC v. Commonwealth of Kentucky et al.
October 9 oral argument canceled; supplemental briefs due October 23; new argument date not setCFTC civil enforcement. October 5, 2026: Judge S. Chad Meredith granted the plaintiffs' opposed motion for supplemental briefing and rescheduling (Document 67). The October 9 oral argument was canceled and will be rescheduled after supplemental briefing. By October 23, the plaintiffs collectively, the intervenor plaintiff and the defendants collectively must submit simultaneous briefs addressing the Sixth Circuit's Schuler decision and the effect, if any, of forthcoming CFTC rulemaking. Each brief is limited to 15 pages. The parties must confer and submit at least three mutually agreeable argument dates by the briefing deadline; a subsequent order will set the hearing. This order changes briefing and scheduling, not the merits. The public docket also records the CFTC and United States' October 5 notice of supplemental authority citing Coinbase v. Raoul (Document 68).
October 5 signed, court-stamped Document 67 pages 2–3 reproduced with Wallach's post and independently matching PacerMonitor docket text checked October 9, 2026. Order date is October 5, not the October 8 Eastern post date. Official E.D. Ky. public RSS returned empty; no direct PACER PDF accessed. Latest activity October 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States and CFTC v. Commonwealth of Kentucky et al.: october 9 oral argument canceled; supplemental briefs due october 23; new argument date not set” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. James et al.
Joint letter ordered; no stay or merits rulingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 30, 2026: Judge Ronnie Abrams ordered the parties in both related cases to confer and submit a joint letter within seven days addressing an initial status conference or a stay pending related Second Circuit appeals: KalshiEX LLC v. Williams (No. 26-1835), KalshiEX LLC v. Cafferelli (No. 26-2239), and Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Tong (No. 26-2297). The order did not grant a stay or decide the merits. Polymarket US filed this separate federal complaint on September 24 seeking declaratory and injunctive relief against New York officials.
Read the signed September 30 order, Doc. 26 in No. 1:26-cv-08345, naming both related cases. The filed complaint cover establishes the separate September 24 action. Latest activity September 30, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. James et al.: joint letter ordered; no stay or merits ruling” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
Letitia James, Attorney General of the State of New York on behalf of the People of the State of New York v. QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US
Joint letter ordered; no stay or merits rulingState enforcement of gambling laws. September 30, 2026: Judge Ronnie Abrams ordered the parties in both related cases to confer and submit a joint letter within seven days addressing an initial status conference or a stay pending related Second Circuit appeals. The order did not grant a stay or decide the merits. New York filed its civil enforcement petition on September 24, alleging violations of state gambling law; Polymarket US removed that action to federal court.
Read the signed September 30 order bearing both case numbers and Judge Ronnie Abrams's signature. It requires a joint letter within seven days, not a stay or merits ruling. Latest activity September 30, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Letitia James, Attorney General of the State of New York on behalf of the People of the State of New York v. QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US: joint letter ordered; no stay or merits ruling” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (3)
Dana Nessel, Michigan Attorney General, on behalf of the People of Michigan and the Michigan Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC
Civil-contempt motion filed; preliminary injunction in effectCourt litigation. September 29, 2026: Michigan filed an ex-parte motion to have KalshiEX held in civil contempt under MCR 3.606, according to reproduced docket event 54. State Affairs reported October 14 that the motion alleges continued sports-contract marketing to Michigan residents after the September 1 injunction, and that Judge Rosemarie E. Aquilina scheduled a November 24 show-cause hearing. Those are allegations, not a contempt finding. The scheduling order and full contempt motion have not been obtained; the hearing date is reported, not independently docket-verified. The signed September 1 order restricts Kalshi from offering or facilitating products constituting internet sports betting to people located in Michigan and prohibits marketing those products to Michigan residents. It requires a Michigan-licensed third-party geolocation provider, notice to relevant futures commission merchants within three business days and a $500,000-per-day fine for each day the court finds noncompliance with its geolocation requirements. The contempt request does not establish that such fines have been imposed. The order remains effective until a final order is issued. Sixth Circuit No. 26-1639, arising from the June 25 remand order, remains separately docketed.
October 18, 2026: full signed September 1 order checked via public PDF mirror; September 29 docket excerpt visually inspected and linked to this matter through full State Affairs reporting. Full contempt motion and scheduling order unavailable. November 24 hearing is reported only; no contempt finding, imposed fine or social-only hearing time verified. Latest activity September 29, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Dana Nessel, Michigan Attorney General, on behalf of the People of Michigan and the Michigan Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC: civil-contempt motion filed; preliminary injunction in effect” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (5)
KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen et al.
Dismissed by joint stipulation (court order entered)Platform challenge to state gambling regulation. Dismissed by stipulation; the court entered its Order Dismissing Case (Doc. 36) on September 21, 2026. Kalshi dropped its claims; Montana gambling regulators agreed not to enforce against its event contracts, with 30 days’ notice before any future action. Montana Lottery Commission claims dismissed with prejudice; Attorney General claims dismissed without prejudice.
Primary docket verified 2026-09-21. Latest activity September 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen et al.: dismissed by joint stipulation (court order entered)” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Bird et al.
On appeal — preliminary injunction deniedCourt litigation. September 15, 2026 — Kalshi filed an interlocutory notice of appeal from the order denying preliminary injunctive relief. The district clerk notified the U.S. court of appeals; no Eighth Circuit case number or appellate ruling was confirmed when checked. The notice does not stay or reverse the denial.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity September 15, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Bird et al.: on appeal — preliminary injunction denied” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Brown et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 14, 2026 — Judge Robert Lasnik recused, and the case was reassigned to Judge Thomas Zilly. No merits ruling has issued.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026. Latest activity September 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Brown et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Arizona et al.
Preliminary injunction; summary disposition request pendingCFTC civil enforcement. September 14, 2026 — Arizona filed a motion asking the Ninth Circuit to summarily vacate the preliminary injunction as to sports-event contracts and remand the election-contract issues. The court has not ruled.
May 5 preliminary-injunction order, September 4 summary-disposition request and appellate docket verified. Latest activity September 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Arizona et al.: preliminary injunction; summary disposition request pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. State of Nevada et al.
Certiorari petition reported — review not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 11, 2026 — Daniel Wallach reported that North American Derivatives Exchange filed a petition for a writ of certiorari asking the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Ninth Circuit’s Nevada sports-event-contract ruling. The Supreme Court has not granted review, and no public Supreme Court docket number had been confirmed when checked.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity September 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. State of Nevada et al.: certiorari petition reported — review not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Connecticut et al.
Preliminary injunction and intervention motions pendingCFTC civil enforcement. Sept. 11, 2026 — Plaintiffs moved for a preliminary injunction. Robinhood filed notice supporting its pending, unopposed motion to intervene. Neither request has been granted.
Primary docket and filed-stamped Docs. 101–102 verified September 12, 2026. Latest activity September 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Connecticut et al.: preliminary injunction and intervention motions pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Moran v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Filed — relief not grantedFederal civil action. Moran alleges Kalshi improperly disciplined him for trading on his own candidacy. The complaint seeks damages and declaratory and injunctive relief; no merits ruling has been entered.
Filed-stamped complaint verified September 12, 2026. Latest activity September 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Moran v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX, LLC v. Assad
Panel ruling; rehearing petition pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 9, 2026 — Kalshi petitioned for rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Ninth Circuit’s August 28 preliminary-injunction decision. The petition remains pending; rehearing has not been granted and the panel opinion has not been vacated.
Ninth Circuit opinion, September 9 rehearing petition and appellate docket verified. Latest activity September 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX, LLC v. Assad: panel ruling; rehearing petition pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Dreitzer et al.
Certiorari petition filed — review not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 9, 2026 — Robinhood Derivatives filed a petition for a writ of certiorari seeking Supreme Court review of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling concerning Nevada regulation of sports-event contracts. The Supreme Court has not agreed to hear the case, and its public docket had not yet assigned a case number when checked September 10.
Certiorari filing reported September 9, 2026; Ninth Circuit docket and Supreme Court public docket checked September 10, 2026. No Supreme Court docket number or grant of review was confirmed. Latest activity September 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Dreitzer et al.: certiorari petition filed — review not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Campbell et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026; filed complaint text directly reviewed. Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Campbell et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Torrez et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026; filed complaint text directly reviewed. Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Torrez et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Wilson et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026. Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Wilson et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Kaul et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026. Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Kaul et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist proceedings concerning KalshiEX LLC and other designated contract markets; related cases United States of America and CFTC v. State of Illinois et al. and KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.
Cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoinedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. September 8, 2026 — Illinois defendants moved for leave to cite the Iowa federal decision denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction as supplemental authority. They argued that the Iowa court’s treatment of sports-event contracts and Commodity Exchange Act preemption bears on the pending Illinois injunction motions. The filing did not decide those motions.
Official docket and filed Document 54 image verified September 9, 2026. Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist proceedings concerning KalshiEX LLC and other designated contract markets; related cases United States of America and CFTC v. State of Illinois et al. and KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.: cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Nessel et al.
On appeal — michigan sports contracts paused by stipulation/orderPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 4, 2026 — Judge Paul L. Maloney entered the parties’ stipulation requiring Robinhood to cease offering new sports-related event contracts to Michigan customers by September 9 and close remaining Michigan customer positions by October 9. Michigan officials agreed to forbear from sports-event-contract enforcement against Robinhood while it complies. The arrangement remains in place pending final resolution of the specified Sixth Circuit appeals, including any Supreme Court proceedings, or dissolution of the state-court injunction in Nessel v. KalshiEX LLC. The stipulation is without prejudice and does not decide the merits.
Signed September 4 stipulation and order verified from the document reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post. Latest activity September 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Nessel et al.: on appeal — michigan sports contracts paused by stipulation/order” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Connecticut regulators
On appealCourt litigation. By September 1, 2026, Kalshi had filed Second Circuit briefing arguing that the Commodity Exchange Act gives the CFTC exclusive jurisdiction over transactions conducted on a designated contract market even if the underlying agreement is not a swap. This is Kalshi’s appellate argument, not a court ruling.
Second Circuit filing excerpt and underlying district docket verified through September 1, 2026. Latest activity September 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Connecticut regulators: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Pernas v. KalshiEX LLC
Tro denied; case pendingPrivate event-contract resolution and account-funds dispute. August 31, 2026 — Nicolas Pernas alleged that Kalshi improperly resolved the KXWLEADER-25-JT “Who will Trump meet with in 2025?” Justin Trudeau contract in the negative, canceled resting orders and restricted his ability to withdraw approximately $25,000 in liquid cash. The complaint asserts contract, Commodity Exchange Act, misrepresentation, fraud and New York consumer-protection claims; these are allegations, not findings. Judge Margaret M. Garnett denied the plaintiff’s same-day temporary-restraining-order request, and the underlying case remains pending.
Complaint, docket and August 31 TRO order verified September 2, 2026. Latest activity August 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Pernas v. KalshiEX LLC: tro denied; case pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Connecticut v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Removed — reassigned in federal courtState enforcement lawsuit. August 31, 2026 — the removed federal action was reassigned from Judge Sarala V. Nagala to Judge Vernon D. Oliver for all further proceedings. The reassignment order did not decide the pending remand issue.
Federal docket and reassignment order verified August 31, 2026. Latest activity August 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Connecticut v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: removed — reassigned in federal court” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ohio Casino Control Commission administrative action against Kalshi
Appeal pending — supplemental authority filedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. August 31, 2026 — Ohio appellees filed a Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 28(j) letter in the consolidated Sixth Circuit appeals identifying the Ninth Circuit’s August 25 decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad as supplemental authority. The letter presents Ohio’s argument that Assad supports affirmance; it did not decide the appeal.
Sixth Circuit Rule 28(j) filing and underlying district docket verified August 31, 2026. Latest activity August 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ohio Casino Control Commission administrative action against Kalshi: appeal pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
Active / pendingState enforcement lawsuit. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Ford et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Ford et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Warga v. Winklevoss et al.
Active / pendingConsumer/class action. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Warga v. Winklevoss et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Flaherty et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Flaherty et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Martin et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Martin et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Morrison et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state taxation/regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Morrison et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Campbell et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Campbell et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Tong et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Tong et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. James et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. James et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Raoul et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Raoul et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Brown v. Kalshi, Inc.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — text messages. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Brown v. Kalshi, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Brown et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Brown et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Wisconsin v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingState enforcement lawsuit. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Wisconsin v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Wisconsin v. Foris Dax Markets, Inc.
Active / pendingState enforcement lawsuit. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Wisconsin v. Foris Dax Markets, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Kaul et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Kaul et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Torrez et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Torrez et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.
Pi motion pending — supplemental authority filedCourt litigation. August 28, 2026 — Illinois defendants moved for leave to cite the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516, as supplemental authority. They argued that the opinion may help resolve the pending preliminary-injunction motions because it held that sports event contracts likely are not swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act. The motions remain pending.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.: pi motion pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
The State of Rhode Island, by and through Attorney General Peter F. Neronha v. KalshiEX LLC and QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US
Pi motions pending — supplemental authority filedCourt litigation. August 28, 2026 — Rhode Island defendants filed a notice citing the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516, as supplemental authority in the consolidated cases. The preliminary-injunction motions, argued August 3, remain under advisement.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “The State of Rhode Island, by and through Attorney General Peter F. Neronha v. KalshiEX LLC and QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US: pi motions pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo et al.
Pi motions pending — supplemental authority filedCourt litigation. August 28, 2026 — Rhode Island defendants filed a notice of supplemental authority in the lead case, citing the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516. The notice also applies to the consolidated state case; the preliminary-injunction motions remain pending.
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo et al.: pi motions pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange Inc. v. Brown
PendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-26: Case reassigned to U.S. District Judge John C. Coughenour. The parties filed a stipulation and proposed order concerning enforcement on August 18, but the docket through August 26 does not show an entered stay order.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange Inc. v. Brown: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Mescalero Apache Tribe, Pueblo of Isleta, Pueblo of Pojoaque, and Pueblo of Sandia v. Kalshi, Inc. and KalshiEX, LLC
PendingTribal litigation. 2026-08-26: The court set a consolidated hearing for September 23, 2026 on defendants' motion to dismiss and plaintiffs' preliminary-injunction motion.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Mescalero Apache Tribe, Pueblo of Isleta, Pueblo of Pojoaque, and Pueblo of Sandia v. Kalshi, Inc. and KalshiEX, LLC: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Michele Spagnuolo
PendingCFTC civil enforcement. No disposition identified through August 26, 2026
Official complaint verified. Latest activity August 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Michele Spagnuolo: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC
Injunction stayed pending appealCourt litigation. 2026-08-24 — a related federal court stayed Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell pending the SJC's decision in SJC-13906, confirming that the Kalshi appeal remained pending without an SJC merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 24, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC: injunction stayed pending appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Minnesota et al.
Preliminary injunction grantedCFTC civil enforcement. 2026-08-18: Notice and Order for Pretrial Conference entered as ECF No. 87; Rule 16 conference set for 2026-10-13. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 18, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Minnesota et al.: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.
Preliminary injunction grantedCourt litigation. 2026-08-18: Order/Notice of Hearing/Deadlines entered as ECF No. 62 for the Rule 16 pretrial conference. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 18, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX LLC, doing business as Polymarket US v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.
Preliminary injunction grantedCourt litigation. 2026-08-18: Order/Notice of Hearing/Deadlines entered as ECF No. 59 for the Rule 16 pretrial conference. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 18, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC, doing business as Polymarket US v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
FiledMunicipal consumer-protection lawsuit. August 13, 2026
Primary complaint verified. Latest activity August 13, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. QCX LLC et al.
FiledMunicipal consumer-protection lawsuit. August 2026
Primary complaint verified. Latest activity August 13, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. QCX LLC et al.: filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration
Order in effectAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. 2026-08-11: CFTC directed Kalshi to continue performing its DCM functions under CEA §8a(9).
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration: order in effect” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
FlightAware LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Voluntarily dismissed without prejudiceTrademark / prediction-market product dispute. August 11, 2026 — FlightAware voluntarily dismissed the action without prejudice.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “FlightAware LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: voluntarily dismissed without prejudice” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
People of the State of New York, by Letitia James, Attorney General of the State of New York v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
PendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-10 — the federal court rescheduled the initial conference to August 31; the remand motion remained pending.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “People of the State of New York, by Letitia James, Attorney General of the State of New York v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coalition for Fair Markets v. Kentucky Department of Revenue
PendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-10 — the federal court accepted Coalition for Fair Markets' complaint in intervention in No. 3:26-cv-00049; a joint scheduling motion followed on August 20.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coalition for Fair Markets v. Kentucky Department of Revenue: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Wisconsin v. Kalshi, Inc., KalshiEX LLC, Kalshi Klear Inc., Kalshi Klear LLC, Kalshi Trading LLC, Coinbase entities, and Robinhood entities
Preliminary injunction motion pendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-07 — reply brief and supporting declaration were filed in the preliminary-injunction proceedings; no merits ruling was shown through August 26.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 7, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Wisconsin v. Kalshi, Inc., KalshiEX LLC, Kalshi Klear Inc., Kalshi Klear LLC, Kalshi Trading LLC, Coinbase entities, and Robinhood entities: preliminary injunction motion pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Cox
Enforcement permittedCourt litigation. August 5, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity August 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Cox: enforcement permitted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX, LLC v. Nessel et al.; on appeal, QCX, LLC v. Dana Nessel
On appealCourt litigation. 2026-08-05: The district court stayed its proceedings pending appeal and adjourned the Rule 16 conference. The Sixth Circuit had denied expedited/consolidated treatment on July 2 and ordered the appeal to proceed in the normal course.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity August 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX, LLC v. Nessel et al.; on appeal, QCX, LLC v. Dana Nessel: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
New York v. KalshiEX LLC
Pending — removal disputedCourt litigation. August 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity August 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “New York v. KalshiEX LLC: pending — removal disputed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Connecticut cease-and-desist orders to prediction market platforms
Cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoinedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. August 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity August 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Connecticut cease-and-desist orders to prediction market platforms: cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of George Anthony Devolder Santos
Resolved — disgorgement, civil penalty, cease-and-desist order and three-year trading banAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. July 31, 2026
Official CFTC order verified. Latest activity July 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of George Anthony Devolder Santos: resolved — disgorgement, civil penalty, cease-and-desist order and three-year trading ban” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Azar Barrionuevo v. Adventure One QSS, Inc.
Active / pendingPrivate civil action involving prediction-market operator. July 31, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity July 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Azar Barrionuevo v. Adventure One QSS, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Illinois et al.
Pending — stay and pi motions briefedCFTC civil enforcement. 2026-07-29: Supplemental-authority filing followed full briefing on Illinois’s motion to stay and the federal plaintiffs’ preliminary-injunction motion; both remained pending through August 26.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity July 29, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Illinois et al.: pending — stay and pi motions briefed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Washington v. KalshiEX LLC
Final enforcement orderCourt litigation. 2026-07-16 — Ninth Circuit stayed briefing pending mandates in Nos. 25-7187, 25-7516, and 25-7831.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity July 16, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Washington v. KalshiEX LLC: final enforcement order” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration and Emergency Rule Filing Pursuant to Commission Regulation 40.6(a)
Order in effectAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. 2026-07-14: CFTC stayed Kalshi’s emergency rule and directed it to fulfill open trades involving Michigan residents.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity July 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration and Emergency Rule Filing Pursuant to Commission Regulation 40.6(a): order in effect” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Vazquez et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingPrivacy / tracking-technologies class action. July 9, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity July 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Vazquez et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Wood et al. v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class / market-resolution action. July 6, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity July 6, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Wood et al. v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Raúl Torrez et al.
PendingCourt litigation. July 5, 2026
Docket/public record linked. Latest activity July 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Raúl Torrez et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Gannon Ken Van Dyke
Pending; dismissal challenge reportedCFTC civil enforcement. July 1, 2026
Primary complaint verified. Latest activity July 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Gannon Ken Van Dyke: pending; dismissal challenge reported” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
National Association of Consumer Advocates v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer-protection action. June 26, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity June 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “National Association of Consumer Advocates v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Kentucky v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
PendingCourt litigation. June 17, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity June 17, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Kentucky v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Austin et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into ChehalConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. June 17, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity June 17, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Austin et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated into chehal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC
Preliminary injunction grantedCourt litigation. June 15, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity June 15, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
James v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingPrivacy / trade-data class action. June 15, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity June 15, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “James v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. d/b/a OG v. Letitia James et al.
PendingCourt litigation. June 12, 2026
Docket/public record linked. Latest activity June 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. d/b/a OG v. Letitia James et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Mazza v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into ChehalConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. June 12, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity June 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Mazza v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated into chehal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Collar et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into ChehalConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. June 12, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity June 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Collar et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated into chehal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States and CFTC v. State of Wisconsin et al.
PendingCFTC civil enforcement. June 10, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity June 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States and CFTC v. State of Wisconsin et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Matthew Slovin v. KalshiEX LLC
Active / pendingArbitration / prediction-market contract dispute. June 9, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity June 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Matthew Slovin v. KalshiEX LLC: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Arizona v. KalshiEX LLC
Prosecution enjoinedCourt litigation. 2026-06-04 — Ninth Circuit proceedings in No. 26-2978 were stayed pending mandates in three related appeals.
Primary docket/order verified. Latest activity June 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Arizona v. KalshiEX LLC: prosecution enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Arizona v. Kalshi Trading LLC
Prosecution enjoinedState criminal enforcement action. June 4, 2026 — related Ninth Circuit proceedings were stayed pending mandates in related appeals.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity June 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Arizona v. Kalshi Trading LLC: prosecution enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Nevada Gaming Control Board — consolidated appeal
On appealCourt litigation. May 21, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity May 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Nevada Gaming Control Board — consolidated appeal: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Martin Trinidad et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingArbitration / prediction-market contract dispute. May 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity May 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Martin Trinidad et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Roberts v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. May 11, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity May 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Roberts v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency cease-and-desist order
On appealAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. May 7, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity May 7, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency cease-and-desist order: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. Blockratize, Inc.
Enforcement pendingCourt litigation. May 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity May 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. Blockratize, Inc.: enforcement pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ho-Chunk Nation v. KalshiEX LLC
Motion to dismiss deniedTribal litigation. May 1, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity May 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ho-Chunk Nation v. KalshiEX LLC: motion to dismiss denied” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Smith v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. April 22, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity April 22, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Smith v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Chehal et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated lead / activeConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. April 22, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity April 22, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Chehal et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated lead / active” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
People of the State of New York v. Gemini Titan, LLC
PendingCourt litigation. April 21, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity April 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “People of the State of New York v. Gemini Titan, LLC: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement cease-and-desist order
Enforcement enjoinedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. April 6, 2026
Docket/primary record linked. Latest activity April 6, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement cease-and-desist order: enforcement enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson et al.
Preliminary injunction deniedCourt litigation. April 2026
Docket/public record linked. Latest activity April 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson et al.: preliminary injunction denied” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives LLC v. Griffin et al.
PendingCourt litigation. April 1, 2026
Docket/public record linked. Latest activity April 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives LLC v. Griffin et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Golan v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — prediction-market resolution. March 24, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity March 24, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Golan v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Willis v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. March 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity March 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Willis v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Kaiserman v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. March 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity March 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Kaiserman v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Risch v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — prediction-market resolution. March 5, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity March 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Risch v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Reynolds v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. February 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity February 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Reynolds v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Yoon v. Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket
Consolidated into Diego / terminatedConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. February 11, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity February 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Yoon v. Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket: consolidated into diego / terminated” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Campbell et al.
PendingCourt litigation. February 9, 2026
Docket/public record linked. Latest activity February 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Campbell et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Diego v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.
Consolidated lead / activeConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. February 4, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity February 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Diego v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.: consolidated lead / active” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Goldman v. Novig Betting, Inc.
Dismissed without prejudicePrivate civil action involving prediction-market operator. February 3, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity February 3, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Goldman v. Novig Betting, Inc.: dismissed without prejudice” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Jennings v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. January 29, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity January 29, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Jennings v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Hallman et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. January 13, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity January 13, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Hallman et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Josephson et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. January 8, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity January 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Josephson et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Pelayo et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. November 26, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity November 26, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Pelayo et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. November 24, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity November 24, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In re Kalshi Sports Prediction Market Litigation (Yee originating action)
Consolidated lead / activeConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. October 16, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity October 16, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In re Kalshi Sports Prediction Market Litigation (Yee originating action): consolidated lead / active” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
StayedGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. October 7, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity October 7, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: stayed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
StayedGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. October 2, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity October 2, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: stayed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Massachusetts Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
StayedGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. September 22, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity September 22, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Massachusetts Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: stayed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Remanded / state proceedingsGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. September 19, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity September 19, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: remanded / state proceedings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc.
Active / pendingFalse Claims Act / event-contract action. September 8, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity September 8, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Remanded / state proceedingsGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. August 28, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 28, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: remanded / state proceedings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Remanded / state proceedingsGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. August 22, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28. Latest activity August 22, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: remanded / state proceedings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Concluded appellate phase / foundational election-contract rulingPlatform challenge to state regulation. October 2, 2024
Published appellate opinion. Latest activity October 2, 2024.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission: concluded appellate phase / foundational election-contract ruling” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Clarke et al. v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (PredictIt litigation)
Appellate rulings issued; docket history requires final-status checkPlatform challenge to state regulation. March 1, 2024
Published Fifth Circuit opinions. Latest activity March 1, 2024.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Clarke et al. v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (PredictIt litigation): appellate rulings issued; docket history requires final-status check” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In re Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket.com
Resolved — $1.4 million penalty and market wind-down orderAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. January 2022
Official CFTC order. Latest activity January 3, 2022.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In re Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket.com: resolved — $1.4 million penalty and market wind-down order” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Trade Exchange Network Limited and Intrade The Prediction Market Limited
Resolved — summary judgment and $3 million joint-and-several civil penaltyCFTC civil enforcement. July 5, 2018
Official CFTC disposition verified. Latest activity July 5, 2018.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Trade Exchange Network Limited and Intrade The Prediction Market Limited: resolved — summary judgment and $3 million joint-and-several civil penalty” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of Trade Exchange Network Limited
Resolved — $150,000 penalty, cease-and-desist order and undertakingsAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. October 4, 2005
Official CFTC order verified. Latest activity October 4, 2005.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of Trade Exchange Network Limited: resolved — $150,000 penalty, cease-and-desist order and undertakings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Prediction-market legal matters tracked
142Distinct U.S. lawsuits, court cases and regulatory actions involving prediction markets: 128 lawsuits and 14 administrative or enforcement matters, across 28 states and DC.
Counted from the records on this page. Separately filed lawsuits stay separate even when coordinated or consolidated; appeals are linked to their original case; amicus briefs and interventions don’t add matters.
Record type: Court and agency records. Cited as: “DeFi Rate tracks 142 U.S. prediction-market legal matters” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Prediction-market lawsuits tracked
128Matters filed in a court: every record on the tracker that isn’t an administrative or enforcement action.
Counted from the records on this page. Separately filed lawsuits stay separate even when coordinated or consolidated; appeals are linked to their original case; amicus briefs and interventions don’t add matters.
Record type: Court and agency records. Cited as: “DeFi Rate tracks 128 prediction-market lawsuits in U.S. courts” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Administrative and enforcement actions tracked
14Cease-and-desist orders, agency orders and other regulatory actions taken outside a court.
Counted from the records on this page. Separately filed lawsuits stay separate even when coordinated or consolidated; appeals are linked to their original case; amicus briefs and interventions don’t add matters.
Record type: Court and agency records. Cited as: “DeFi Rate tracks 14 administrative or enforcement actions against prediction markets” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
States with a prediction-market legal matter
28States named in at least one record on the tracker. The District of Columbia is not counted as a state.
Counted from the records on this page. Separately filed lawsuits stay separate even when coordinated or consolidated; appeals are linked to their original case; amicus briefs and interventions don’t add matters.
Record type: Court and agency records. Cited as: “Prediction-market legal matters touch 28 states” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Supreme Court petitions on sports event contracts
3Petitions asking the U.S. Supreme Court to resolve whether federal commodities law preempts state gambling law for sports event contracts.
New Jersey filed on Sep 2, 2026; Robinhood filed on Sep 9; North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) reportedly filed on Sep 11. The Court has granted none of them.
Record type: Court records. Cited as: “Three petitions ask the Supreme Court to resolve the split over sports event contracts” (Court records via DeFi Rate).