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Legal trackerEvery figure as of Sep 22, 11:40 PM ET
A frozen record for citation. Numbers on the live page change as markets move; these don’t. Methodology · Live source records
KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen et al.
Dismissed by joint stipulation (court order entered)Platform challenge to state gambling regulation. Dismissed by stipulation; the court entered its Order Dismissing Case (Doc. 36) on September 21, 2026. Kalshi dropped its claims; Montana gambling regulators agreed not to enforce against its event contracts, with 30 days’ notice before any future action. Montana Lottery Commission claims dismissed with prejudice; Attorney General claims dismissed without prejudice.
Primary docket verified 2026-09-21. Latest activity September 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Knudsen et al.: dismissed by joint stipulation (court order entered)” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Missouri attorney general prediction-market cease-and-desist letters
Cease-and-desist letters issued — compliance or challenges not yet verifiedAdministrative / regulator enforcement. On Sept. 16–17, 2026, the attorney general directed six operators to comply with Missouri sports-wagering licensing, tax and age rules or cease Missouri sports-event contracts, with confirmation due within 30 days. No lawsuit, operator response or adjudicatory ruling has been verified.
Six official attorney-general letters verified. The letters demand confirmation within 30 days of compliance with Missouri licensing and tax requirements or cessation of Missouri sports-event contracts; five letters also address access by people under 21. No lawsuit, operator response, compliance, withdrawal or adjudicatory ruling has been verified. Latest activity September 17, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Missouri attorney general prediction-market cease-and-desist letters: cease-and-desist letters issued — compliance or challenges not yet verified” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Blue Lake Rancheria et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Ninth Circuit remand, no injunction yetTribal litigation. September 16, 2026: The Ninth Circuit reversed the IGRA portion of the preliminary-injunction denial, holding that the tribes are likely to succeed in showing Kalshi’s sports-event contracts violate IGRA when offered on tribal lands. No injunction has issued; the case returns to the district court for the remaining preliminary-injunction factors.
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity September 16, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Blue Lake Rancheria et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: ninth circuit remand, no injunction yet” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Bird et al.
On appeal — preliminary injunction deniedCourt litigation. September 15, 2026 — Kalshi filed an interlocutory notice of appeal from the order denying preliminary injunctive relief. The district clerk notified the U.S. court of appeals; no Eighth Circuit case number or appellate ruling was confirmed when checked. The notice does not stay or reverse the denial.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity September 15, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Bird et al.: on appeal — preliminary injunction denied” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Brown et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 14, 2026 — Judge Robert Lasnik recused, and the case was reassigned to Judge Thomas Zilly. No merits ruling has issued.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026 Latest activity September 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Brown et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Arizona et al.
Preliminary injunction; summary disposition request pendingCFTC civil enforcement. September 14, 2026 — Arizona filed a motion asking the Ninth Circuit to summarily vacate the preliminary injunction as to sports-event contracts and remand the election-contract issues. The court has not ruled.
May 5 preliminary-injunction order, September 4 summary-disposition request and appellate docket verified Latest activity September 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Arizona et al.: preliminary injunction; summary disposition request pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of New York et al.
Preliminary-injunction motion pendingCFTC civil enforcement. September 14, 2026 — The court heard argument on the federal plaintiffs’ preliminary-injunction motion. No ruling has issued.
Federal docket, September 4 supplemental response, Ninth Circuit opinion and September 14 hearing verified Latest activity September 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of New York et al.: preliminary-injunction motion pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Connecticut DCP prediction-market cease-and-desist orders
Cease-and-desist orders issued — compliance or challenges not yet verifiedAdministrative / regulator enforcement. September 12, 2026 — Published excerpts of a Connecticut DCP subpoena signed September 9 seek media records concerning Connecticut-directed prediction-market advertising from January 1, 2025 onward, including contracts, advertisements, run logs, audience reports, legal representations, targeting instructions and sponsorships. The excerpts do not establish that recipients are under investigation or provide the complete recipient list.
Official government announcement and published subpoena excerpts verified. Source remains incomplete: the excerpts do not provide the complete recipient list, and the operative cease-and-desist orders and recipient legal-entity names remain pending document production. Latest activity September 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Connecticut DCP prediction-market cease-and-desist orders: cease-and-desist orders issued — compliance or challenges not yet verified” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. State of Nevada et al.
Certiorari petition reported — review not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 11, 2026 — Daniel Wallach reported that North American Derivatives Exchange filed a petition for a writ of certiorari asking the U.S. Supreme Court to review the Ninth Circuit’s Nevada sports-event-contract ruling. The Supreme Court has not granted review, and no public Supreme Court docket number had been confirmed when checked.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity September 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. State of Nevada et al.: certiorari petition reported — review not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Connecticut et al.
Preliminary injunction and intervention motions pendingCFTC civil enforcement. Sept. 11, 2026 — Plaintiffs moved for a preliminary injunction. Robinhood filed notice supporting its pending, unopposed motion to intervene. Neither request has been granted.
Primary docket and filed-stamped Docs. 101–102 verified September 12, 2026 Latest activity September 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Connecticut et al.: preliminary injunction and intervention motions pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Moran v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Filed — relief not grantedFederal civil action. Moran alleges Kalshi improperly disciplined him for trading on his own candidacy. The complaint seeks damages and declaratory and injunctive relief; no merits ruling has been entered.
Filed-stamped complaint verified September 12, 2026 Latest activity September 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Moran v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. New York State Gaming Commission
Appeal pending — opening brief and CFTC amicus filedCourt litigation. By September 10, 2026 — The CFTC filed an amicus brief supporting Kalshi’s position in Second Circuit No. 26-1835. The Commission argues that it has regulated event contracts for decades, that extending the same jurisdiction to sports contracts is not a newly discovered power, and that the Ninth Circuit’s major-questions analysis was mistaken. These are the Commission’s arguments; the Second Circuit has not ruled.
CFTC amicus excerpt reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s September 10 post; official Second Circuit docket linked but PACER-gated. The docket-entry filing date was not independently confirmed. Latest activity September 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. New York State Gaming Commission: appeal pending — opening brief and cftc amicus filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX, LLC v. Assad
Panel ruling; rehearing petition pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 9, 2026 — Kalshi petitioned for rehearing and rehearing en banc of the Ninth Circuit’s August 28 preliminary-injunction decision. The petition remains pending; rehearing has not been granted and the panel opinion has not been vacated.
Ninth Circuit opinion, September 9 rehearing petition and appellate docket verified Latest activity September 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX, LLC v. Assad: panel ruling; rehearing petition pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Dreitzer et al.
Certiorari petition filed — review not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 9, 2026 — Robinhood Derivatives filed a petition for a writ of certiorari seeking Supreme Court review of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling concerning Nevada regulation of sports-event contracts. The Supreme Court has not agreed to hear the case, and its public docket had not yet assigned a case number when checked September 10.
Certiorari filing reported September 9, 2026; Ninth Circuit docket and Supreme Court public docket checked September 10, 2026. No Supreme Court docket number or grant of review was confirmed. Latest activity September 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Dreitzer et al.: certiorari petition filed — review not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Martin
ON APPEAL — RULE 28(j) LETTERS FILEDCourt litigation. September 9, 2026 — Maryland and Kalshi filed opposing Rule 28(j) letters addressing the Ninth Circuit’s KalshiEX LLC v. Assad decision. Maryland argues that Assad supports affirmance because sports-event contracts are not swaps and current CFTC regulation bars gaming contracts. Kalshi argues that the decision is nonbinding, misreads the Commodity Exchange Act and will be undermined by the CFTC’s proposed event-contract rule. These are the parties’ positions; the Fourth Circuit has not ruled.
Court-stamped September 9 Rule 28(j) letters reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post; official Fourth Circuit docket linked. The court has not ruled. Latest activity September 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Martin: on appeal — rule 28(j) letters filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Campbell et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026; filed complaint text directly reviewed Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Campbell et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Torrez et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026; filed complaint text directly reviewed Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Torrez et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Wilson et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026 Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Wilson et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Kaul et al.
Filed — relief not grantedPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 8, 2026 — Underdog Exchange DCM and UDM, doing business as Underdog Predict, filed this federal action seeking declaratory and permanent injunctive relief against state enforcement of gambling laws over its event-contract business. The complaint asserts Commodity Exchange Act preemption; the court has not decided that claim or granted an injunction.
Official CM/ECF docket and complaint entry verified September 9, 2026 Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Underdog Exchange DCM, Inc. et al. v. Kaul et al.: filed — relief not granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist proceedings concerning KalshiEX LLC and other designated contract markets; related cases United States of America and CFTC v. State of Illinois et al. and KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.
Cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoinedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. September 8, 2026 — Illinois defendants moved for leave to cite the Iowa federal decision denying Kalshi a preliminary injunction as supplemental authority. They argued that the Iowa court’s treatment of sports-event contracts and Commodity Exchange Act preemption bears on the pending Illinois injunction motions. The filing did not decide those motions.
Official docket and filed Document 54 image verified September 9, 2026 Latest activity September 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Illinois Gaming Board cease-and-desist proceedings concerning KalshiEX LLC and other designated contract markets; related cases United States of America and CFTC v. State of Illinois et al. and KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.: cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Nessel et al.
On appeal — michigan sports contracts paused by stipulation/orderPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. September 4, 2026 — Judge Paul L. Maloney entered the parties’ stipulation requiring Robinhood to cease offering new sports-related event contracts to Michigan customers by September 9 and close remaining Michigan customer positions by October 9. Michigan officials agreed to forbear from sports-event-contract enforcement against Robinhood while it complies. The arrangement remains in place pending final resolution of the specified Sixth Circuit appeals, including any Supreme Court proceedings, or dissolution of the state-court injunction in Nessel v. KalshiEX LLC. The stipulation is without prejudice and does not decide the merits.
Signed September 4 stipulation and order verified from the document reproduced in Daniel Wallach’s post. Latest activity September 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Nessel et al.: on appeal — michigan sports contracts paused by stipulation/order” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty
Certiorari petition filedCourt litigation. September 2, 2026 — New Jersey filed a petition for a writ of certiorari asking whether the Dodd-Frank Act preempts states from regulating sports bets offered on CFTC-registered markets. The petition cites the direct conflict between the Third Circuit’s ruling for Kalshi and the Ninth Circuit’s August 28 ruling against Kalshi. Supreme Court docket assignment remains pending.
Third Circuit opinion, Supreme Court extension docket and September 2 petition verified Latest activity September 2, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Flaherty: certiorari petition filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Dana Nessel, Michigan Attorney General, on behalf of the People of Michigan and the Michigan Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC
Preliminary injunction in effectCourt litigation. September 1, 2026 — Ingham County Circuit Judge Rosemarie E. Aquilina entered a preliminary injunction restricting Kalshi from offering or facilitating products constituting internet sports betting to people located in Michigan. The order requires Kalshi to use a Michigan-licensed third-party geolocation provider, requires notice to relevant futures commission merchants within three business days and provides for a $500,000-per-day fine for each day the court finds that Kalshi failed to comply with its geolocation requirements. The order remains effective until a final order is issued. Sixth Circuit No. 26-1639, arising from Kalshi's appeal of the June 25 remand order, remains separately docketed.
Official preliminary-injunction order verified September 1, 2026 Latest activity September 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Dana Nessel, Michigan Attorney General, on behalf of the People of Michigan and the Michigan Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC: preliminary injunction in effect” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Connecticut regulators
On appealCourt litigation. By September 1, 2026, Kalshi had filed Second Circuit briefing arguing that the Commodity Exchange Act gives the CFTC exclusive jurisdiction over transactions conducted on a designated contract market even if the underlying agreement is not a swap. This is Kalshi’s appellate argument, not a court ruling.
Second Circuit filing excerpt and underlying district docket verified through September 1, 2026 Latest activity September 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Connecticut regulators: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Pernas v. KalshiEX LLC
Tro denied; case pendingPrivate event-contract resolution and account-funds dispute. August 31, 2026 — Nicolas Pernas alleged that Kalshi improperly resolved the KXWLEADER-25-JT “Who will Trump meet with in 2025?” Justin Trudeau contract in the negative, canceled resting orders and restricted his ability to withdraw approximately $25,000 in liquid cash. The complaint asserts contract, Commodity Exchange Act, misrepresentation, fraud and New York consumer-protection claims; these are allegations, not findings. Judge Margaret M. Garnett denied the plaintiff’s same-day temporary-restraining-order request, and the underlying case remains pending.
Complaint, docket and August 31 TRO order verified September 2, 2026 Latest activity August 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Pernas v. KalshiEX LLC: tro denied; case pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Connecticut v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Removed — reassigned in federal courtState enforcement lawsuit. August 31, 2026 — the removed federal action was reassigned from Judge Sarala V. Nagala to Judge Vernon D. Oliver for all further proceedings. The reassignment order did not decide the pending remand issue.
Federal docket and reassignment order verified August 31, 2026 Latest activity August 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Connecticut v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: removed — reassigned in federal court” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ohio Casino Control Commission administrative action against Kalshi
Appeal pending — supplemental authority filedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. August 31, 2026 — Ohio appellees filed a Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 28(j) letter in the consolidated Sixth Circuit appeals identifying the Ninth Circuit’s August 25 decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad as supplemental authority. The letter presents Ohio’s argument that Assad supports affirmance; it did not decide the appeal.
Sixth Circuit Rule 28(j) filing and underlying district docket verified August 31, 2026 Latest activity August 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ohio Casino Control Commission administrative action against Kalshi: appeal pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
Active / pendingState enforcement lawsuit. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Nevada Gaming Control Board v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Ford et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Ford et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Warga v. Winklevoss et al.
Active / pendingConsumer/class action. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Warga v. Winklevoss et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Flaherty et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Flaherty et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Martin et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. v. Martin et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Morrison et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state taxation/regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Morrison et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Campbell et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives, LLC v. Campbell et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Nessel et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Nessel et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Tong et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Tong et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. James et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. James et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Raoul et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc. v. Raoul et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Brown v. Kalshi, Inc.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — text messages. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Brown v. Kalshi, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Brown et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Brown et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Wisconsin v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingState enforcement lawsuit. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Wisconsin v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Wisconsin v. Foris Dax Markets, Inc.
Active / pendingState enforcement lawsuit. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Wisconsin v. Foris Dax Markets, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Kaul et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Kaul et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Torrez et al.
Active / pendingPlatform challenge to state gambling regulation. — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Torrez et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.
Pi motion pending — supplemental authority filedCourt litigation. August 28, 2026 — Illinois defendants moved for leave to cite the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516, as supplemental authority. They argued that the opinion may help resolve the pending preliminary-injunction motions because it held that sports event contracts likely are not swaps under the Commodity Exchange Act. The motions remain pending.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Raoul et al.: pi motion pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
The State of Rhode Island, by and through Attorney General Peter F. Neronha v. KalshiEX LLC and QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US
Pi motions pending — supplemental authority filedCourt litigation. August 28, 2026 — Rhode Island defendants filed a notice citing the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516, as supplemental authority in the consolidated cases. The preliminary-injunction motions, argued August 3, remain under advisement.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “The State of Rhode Island, by and through Attorney General Peter F. Neronha v. KalshiEX LLC and QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US: pi motions pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo et al.
Pi motions pending — supplemental authority filedCourt litigation. August 28, 2026 — Rhode Island defendants filed a notice of supplemental authority in the lead case, citing the Ninth Circuit’s decision in KalshiEX LLC v. Assad, No. 25-7516. The notice also applies to the consolidated state case; the preliminary-injunction motions remain pending.
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity August 28, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Furcolo et al.: pi motions pending — supplemental authority filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange Inc. v. Brown
PendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-26: Case reassigned to U.S. District Judge John C. Coughenour. The parties filed a stipulation and proposed order concerning enforcement on August 18, but the docket through August 26 does not show an entered stay order.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange Inc. v. Brown: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Mescalero Apache Tribe, Pueblo of Isleta, Pueblo of Pojoaque, and Pueblo of Sandia v. Kalshi, Inc. and KalshiEX, LLC
PendingTribal litigation. 2026-08-26: The court set a consolidated hearing for September 23, 2026 on defendants' motion to dismiss and plaintiffs' preliminary-injunction motion.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Mescalero Apache Tribe, Pueblo of Isleta, Pueblo of Pojoaque, and Pueblo of Sandia v. Kalshi, Inc. and KalshiEX, LLC: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Michele Spagnuolo
PendingCFTC civil enforcement. No disposition identified through August 26, 2026
Official complaint verified Latest activity August 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Michele Spagnuolo: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC
Injunction stayed pending appealCourt litigation. 2026-08-24 — a related federal court stayed Ludlow Exchange LLC v. Campbell pending the SJC's decision in SJC-13906, confirming that the Kalshi appeal remained pending without an SJC merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 24, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. KalshiEX LLC: injunction stayed pending appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Minnesota et al.
Preliminary injunction grantedCFTC civil enforcement. 2026-08-18: Notice and Order for Pretrial Conference entered as ECF No. 87; Rule 16 conference set for 2026-10-13. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 18, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Minnesota et al.: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.
Preliminary injunction grantedCourt litigation. 2026-08-18: Order/Notice of Hearing/Deadlines entered as ECF No. 62 for the Rule 16 pretrial conference. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 18, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX LLC, doing business as Polymarket US v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.
Preliminary injunction grantedCourt litigation. 2026-08-18: Order/Notice of Hearing/Deadlines entered as ECF No. 59 for the Rule 16 pretrial conference. The 2026-07-27 preliminary injunction remains operative pending a final merits decision.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 18, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC, doing business as Polymarket US v. Keith Ellison, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Minnesota, et al.: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
FiledMunicipal consumer-protection lawsuit. August 13, 2026
Primary complaint verified Latest activity August 13, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. QCX LLC et al.
FiledMunicipal consumer-protection lawsuit. August 2026
Primary complaint verified Latest activity August 13, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “City of Baltimore ex rel. Ebony Thompson v. QCX LLC et al.: filed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration
Order in effectAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. 2026-08-11: CFTC directed Kalshi to continue performing its DCM functions under CEA §8a(9).
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration: order in effect” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
FlightAware LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Voluntarily dismissed without prejudiceTrademark / prediction-market product dispute. August 11, 2026 — FlightAware voluntarily dismissed the action without prejudice.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “FlightAware LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: voluntarily dismissed without prejudice” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
People of the State of New York, by Letitia James, Attorney General of the State of New York v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.
PendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-10 — the federal court rescheduled the initial conference to August 31; the remand motion remained pending.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “People of the State of New York, by Letitia James, Attorney General of the State of New York v. Coinbase Financial Markets, Inc.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Coalition for Fair Markets v. Kentucky Department of Revenue
PendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-10 — the federal court accepted Coalition for Fair Markets' complaint in intervention in No. 3:26-cv-00049; a joint scheduling motion followed on August 20.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Coalition for Fair Markets v. Kentucky Department of Revenue: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Wisconsin v. Kalshi, Inc., KalshiEX LLC, Kalshi Klear Inc., Kalshi Klear LLC, Kalshi Trading LLC, Coinbase entities, and Robinhood entities
Preliminary injunction motion pendingCourt litigation. 2026-08-07 — reply brief and supporting declaration were filed in the preliminary-injunction proceedings; no merits ruling was shown through August 26.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 7, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Wisconsin v. Kalshi, Inc., KalshiEX LLC, Kalshi Klear Inc., Kalshi Klear LLC, Kalshi Trading LLC, Coinbase entities, and Robinhood entities: preliminary injunction motion pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Cox
Enforcement permittedCourt litigation. August 5, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity August 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Cox: enforcement permitted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX, LLC v. Nessel et al.; on appeal, QCX, LLC v. Dana Nessel
On appealCourt litigation. 2026-08-05: The district court stayed its proceedings pending appeal and adjourned the Rule 16 conference. The Sixth Circuit had denied expedited/consolidated treatment on July 2 and ordered the appeal to proceed in the normal course.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity August 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX, LLC v. Nessel et al.; on appeal, QCX, LLC v. Dana Nessel: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
New York v. KalshiEX LLC
Pending — removal disputedCourt litigation. August 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity August 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “New York v. KalshiEX LLC: pending — removal disputed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Connecticut cease-and-desist orders to prediction market platforms
Cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoinedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. August 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity August 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Connecticut cease-and-desist orders to prediction market platforms: cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of George Anthony Devolder Santos
Resolved — disgorgement, civil penalty, cease-and-desist order and three-year trading banAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. July 31, 2026
Official CFTC order verified Latest activity July 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of George Anthony Devolder Santos: resolved — disgorgement, civil penalty, cease-and-desist order and three-year trading ban” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Azar Barrionuevo v. Adventure One QSS, Inc.
Active / pendingPrivate civil action involving prediction-market operator. July 31, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity July 31, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Azar Barrionuevo v. Adventure One QSS, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Tennessee Sports Wagering Council cease-and-desist order
Cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoinedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. July 30, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity July 30, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Tennessee Sports Wagering Council cease-and-desist order: cease-and-desist — enforcement enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler et al.
Preliminary injunction deniedCourt litigation. July 30, 2026 | May 12, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity July 30, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Schuler et al.: preliminary injunction denied” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel et al.
Preliminary injunction grantedCourt litigation. July 30, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity July 30, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Orgel et al.: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Illinois et al.
Pending — stay and pi motions briefedCFTC civil enforcement. 2026-07-29: Supplemental-authority filing followed full briefing on Illinois’s motion to stay and the federal plaintiffs’ preliminary-injunction motion; both remained pending through August 26.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity July 29, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States of America and Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. State of Illinois et al.: pending — stay and pi motions briefed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Washington v. KalshiEX LLC
Final enforcement orderCourt litigation. 2026-07-16 — Ninth Circuit stayed briefing pending mandates in Nos. 25-7187, 25-7516, and 25-7831.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity July 16, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Washington v. KalshiEX LLC: final enforcement order” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration and Emergency Rule Filing Pursuant to Commission Regulation 40.6(a)
Order in effectAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. 2026-07-14: CFTC stayed Kalshi’s emergency rule and directed it to fulfill open trades involving Michigan residents.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity July 14, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of KalshiEX LLC’s Notice Regarding Market Emergency Declaration and Emergency Rule Filing Pursuant to Commission Regulation 40.6(a): order in effect” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Vazquez et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingPrivacy / tracking-technologies class action. July 9, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity July 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Vazquez et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Wood et al. v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class / market-resolution action. July 6, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity July 6, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Wood et al. v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Raúl Torrez et al.
PendingCourt litigation. July 5, 2026
Docket/public record linked Latest activity July 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Raúl Torrez et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Gannon Ken Van Dyke
Pending; dismissal challenge reportedCFTC civil enforcement. July 1, 2026
Primary complaint verified Latest activity July 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Gannon Ken Van Dyke: pending; dismissal challenge reported” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
National Association of Consumer Advocates v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer-protection action. June 26, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity June 26, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “National Association of Consumer Advocates v. Adventure One QSS, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States and CFTC v. Commonwealth of Kentucky et al.
PendingCFTC civil enforcement. June 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity June 23, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States and CFTC v. Commonwealth of Kentucky et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Kentucky v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
PendingCourt litigation. June 17, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity June 17, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Kentucky v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Kentucky v. QCX LLC et al. — Polymarket relationship
PendingCourt litigation. June 17, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity June 17, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Kentucky v. QCX LLC et al. — Polymarket relationship: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Austin et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into ChehalConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. June 17, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity June 17, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Austin et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated into chehal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC
Preliminary injunction grantedCourt litigation. June 15, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity June 15, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. KalshiEX LLC: preliminary injunction granted” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
James v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingPrivacy / trade-data class action. June 15, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity June 15, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “James v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States and CFTC v. State of New Mexico et al.
PendingCFTC civil enforcement. June 12, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity June 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States and CFTC v. State of New Mexico et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. d/b/a OG v. Letitia James et al.
PendingCourt litigation. June 12, 2026
Docket/public record linked Latest activity June 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc. d/b/a OG v. Letitia James et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Mazza v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into ChehalConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. June 12, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity June 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Mazza v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated into chehal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Collar et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into ChehalConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. June 12, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity June 12, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Collar et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated into chehal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
United States and CFTC v. State of Wisconsin et al.
PendingCFTC civil enforcement. June 10, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity June 10, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “United States and CFTC v. State of Wisconsin et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Matthew Slovin v. KalshiEX LLC
Active / pendingArbitration / prediction-market contract dispute. June 9, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity June 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Matthew Slovin v. KalshiEX LLC: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
New Mexico v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Pending — removal disputedCourt litigation. June 8, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity June 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “New Mexico v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: pending — removal disputed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Arizona v. KalshiEX LLC
Prosecution enjoinedCourt litigation. 2026-06-04 — Ninth Circuit proceedings in No. 26-2978 were stayed pending mandates in three related appeals.
Primary docket/order verified Latest activity June 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Arizona v. KalshiEX LLC: prosecution enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
State of Arizona v. Kalshi Trading LLC
Prosecution enjoinedState criminal enforcement action. June 4, 2026 — related Ninth Circuit proceedings were stayed pending mandates in related appeals.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity June 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “State of Arizona v. Kalshi Trading LLC: prosecution enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Nevada Gaming Control Board — consolidated appeal
On appealCourt litigation. May 21, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity May 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Nevada Gaming Control Board — consolidated appeal: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Martin Trinidad et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingArbitration / prediction-market contract dispute. May 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity May 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Martin Trinidad et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Roberts v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. May 11, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity May 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Roberts v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency cease-and-desist order
On appealAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. May 7, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity May 7, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Agency cease-and-desist order: on appeal” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. Blockratize, Inc.
Enforcement pendingCourt litigation. May 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity May 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Nevada ex rel. Gaming Control Board v. Blockratize, Inc.: enforcement pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ho-Chunk Nation v. KalshiEX LLC
Motion to dismiss deniedTribal litigation. May 1, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity May 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ho-Chunk Nation v. KalshiEX LLC: motion to dismiss denied” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Smith v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. April 22, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity April 22, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Smith v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Chehal et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.
Consolidated lead / activeConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. April 22, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity April 22, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Chehal et al. v. Robinhood Markets, Inc. et al.: consolidated lead / active” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
People of the State of New York v. Gemini Titan, LLC
PendingCourt litigation. April 21, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity April 21, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “People of the State of New York v. Gemini Titan, LLC: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement cease-and-desist order
Enforcement enjoinedAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. April 6, 2026
Docket/primary record linked Latest activity April 6, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement cease-and-desist order: enforcement enjoined” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson et al.
Preliminary injunction deniedCourt litigation. April 2026
Docket/public record linked Latest activity April 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Johnson et al.: preliminary injunction denied” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Robinhood Derivatives LLC v. Griffin et al.
PendingCourt litigation. April 1, 2026
Docket/public record linked Latest activity April 1, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Robinhood Derivatives LLC v. Griffin et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Golan v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — prediction-market resolution. March 24, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity March 24, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Golan v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Willis v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. March 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity March 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Willis v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Kaiserman v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. March 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity March 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Kaiserman v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Risch v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — prediction-market resolution. March 5, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity March 5, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Risch v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Reynolds v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Active / pendingConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. February 20, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity February 20, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Reynolds v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Yoon v. Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket
Consolidated into Diego / terminatedConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. February 11, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity February 11, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Yoon v. Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket: consolidated into diego / terminated” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Campbell et al.
PendingCourt litigation. February 9, 2026
Docket/public record linked Latest activity February 9, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “QCX LLC d/b/a Polymarket US v. Campbell et al.: pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Diego v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.
Consolidated lead / activeConsumer class action — prediction-market contracts. February 4, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity February 4, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Diego v. Blockratize, Inc. et al.: consolidated lead / active” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Goldman v. Novig Betting, Inc.
Dismissed without prejudicePrivate civil action involving prediction-market operator. February 3, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity February 3, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Goldman v. Novig Betting, Inc.: dismissed without prejudice” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Jennings v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. January 29, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity January 29, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Jennings v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Hallman et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. January 13, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity January 13, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Hallman et al. v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Josephson et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. January 8, 2026 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity January 8, 2026.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Josephson et al. v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Pelayo et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585Consumer class action — sports prediction markets. November 26, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity November 26, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Pelayo et al. v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: consolidated into 1:25-cv-08585” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. KalshiEX LLC et al.
Active / pendingGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. November 24, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity November 24, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. KalshiEX LLC et al.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In re Kalshi Sports Prediction Market Litigation (Yee originating action)
Consolidated lead / activeConsumer class action — sports prediction markets. October 16, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity October 16, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In re Kalshi Sports Prediction Market Litigation (Yee originating action): consolidated lead / active” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
StayedGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. October 7, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity October 7, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “South Carolina Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: stayed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
StayedGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. October 2, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity October 2, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Georgia Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: stayed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Massachusetts Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
StayedGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. September 22, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity September 22, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Massachusetts Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: stayed” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Remanded / state proceedingsGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. September 19, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity September 19, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Illinois Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: remanded / state proceedings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc.
Active / pendingFalse Claims Act / event-contract action. September 8, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity September 8, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “The State of Illinois ex rel. Lavery v. North American Derivatives Exchange, Inc.: active / pending” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.
Remanded / state proceedingsGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. August 28, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 28, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Ohio Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi, Inc. et al.: remanded / state proceedings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.
Remanded / state proceedingsGambling-loss recovery / Statute of Anne. August 22, 2025 — originating action filed; primary docket verified August 28, 2026.
Primary docket/index verified 2026-08-28 Latest activity August 22, 2025.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Kentucky Gambling Recovery LLC v. Kalshi Inc. et al.: remanded / state proceedings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
KalshiEX LLC v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Concluded appellate phase / foundational election-contract rulingPlatform challenge to state regulation. October 2, 2024
Published appellate opinion Latest activity October 2, 2024.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “KalshiEX LLC v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission: concluded appellate phase / foundational election-contract ruling” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Clarke et al. v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (PredictIt litigation)
Appellate rulings issued; docket history requires final-status checkPlatform challenge to state regulation. March 1, 2024
Published Fifth Circuit opinions Latest activity March 1, 2024.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “Clarke et al. v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (PredictIt litigation): appellate rulings issued; docket history requires final-status check” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In re Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket.com
Resolved — $1.4 million penalty and market wind-down orderAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. January 2022
Official CFTC order Latest activity January 3, 2022.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In re Blockratize, Inc. d/b/a Polymarket.com: resolved — $1.4 million penalty and market wind-down order” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Trade Exchange Network Limited and Intrade The Prediction Market Limited
Resolved — summary judgment and $3 million joint-and-several civil penaltyCFTC civil enforcement. July 5, 2018
Official CFTC disposition verified Latest activity July 5, 2018.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Trade Exchange Network Limited and Intrade The Prediction Market Limited: resolved — summary judgment and $3 million joint-and-several civil penalty” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
In the Matter of Trade Exchange Network Limited
Resolved — $150,000 penalty, cease-and-desist order and undertakingsAdministrative / enforcement proceeding. October 4, 2005
Official CFTC order verified Latest activity October 4, 2005.
Record type: Court or agency record. Cited as: “In the Matter of Trade Exchange Network Limited: resolved — $150,000 penalty, cease-and-desist order and undertakings” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Prediction-market legal matters tracked
133Distinct U.S. lawsuits, court cases and regulatory actions involving prediction markets: 120 lawsuits and 13 administrative or enforcement matters, across 28 states and DC.
Counted from the records on this page. Separately filed lawsuits stay separate even when coordinated or consolidated; appeals are linked to their original case; amicus briefs and interventions don’t add matters.
Record type: Court and agency records. Cited as: “DeFi Rate tracks 133 U.S. prediction-market legal matters” (DeFi Rate litigation tracker).
Source documents (1)
Supreme Court petitions on sports event contracts
3Petitions asking the U.S. Supreme Court to resolve whether federal commodities law preempts state gambling law for sports event contracts.
New Jersey filed on Sep 2, 2026; Robinhood filed on Sep 9; North American Derivatives Exchange (Crypto.com) reportedly filed on Sep 11. The Court has granted none of them.
Record type: Court records. Cited as: “Three petitions ask the Supreme Court to resolve the split over sports event contracts; none has been granted” (Court records via DeFi Rate).